February 2005

Music to help prevent dental cavities
Sunday, February 27, 2005 | gp

Toymaker Hasbro Inc. plans to turn jawbones into headphones to try to tune out tooth decay.

The company announced Friday it's launching ''Tooth Tunes,'' a toothbrush that transmits music through the jawbone to the ear when its bristles touch teeth.

The battery-operated toothbrush contains a tiny microchip that stores the song. When the user presses a button and starts brushing, sound vibrations pass through the tooth, to the jawbone and into the inner ear. The song plays for two minutes, the amount of time dentists recommend people spend brushing their teeth.

The Pawtucket-based company will offer the product, priced under $10, starting in September .

List of Dental Books
Saturday, February 26, 2005 | gp

Parameswaran A Review of Dental Caries: A Dynamic Phenomenon (In Press)

U. N. Panda Jaypee's Dental Dictionary, 1/e Rs. 125.00

I.B. Singh Anatomy for Dental Students, 1/e Rs. 200.00

Manappallil Basic Dental Materials, 1/e Rs. 150.00

P.K. Dayal TB of Oral Medicine, 1/e Rs. 150.00

R. Chandramouli TB of Physiology for Dental Students, 4/e Rs. 250.00

Chatterjea TB of Biochemistry for Dental/Nursing/Pharmacy Students, 1/e Rs. 150.00

Jyoti Yadav TB of Physiology for Dental Students, 1/e Rs. 125.00

Alagappan Medicine for Dental Students, 1/e Rs. 275.00 (New)

Harsh Mohan Essentials of Pathology for Dental Students, 1/e Rs. 175.00

Bhatia Microbiology for Dental Students, 2/e Rs. 150.00

Ashish Kakar Oral Implantology Rs. 900.00

Atul Soin MAHE: Dental Examination Review (In Press)

Atul Soin AIIMS Dental Entrance Examination Review Rs. 125.00

Atul Soin PGI Dental Entrance Examination Review (In Press)

Atul Soin All India Dental PG Entrance Examination Review, 1/e Rs. 125.00

Atul Soin States Dental Entrance Examination Review (In Press)

Atul Soin Dental Examinations Review: Clinical Sciences, 2/e Rs. 175.00

Sanjeevraj Bhatia Dentogist: MCQs in Dentistry
(2 Vols.)(Basic Sciences Vol.1), 2/e Rs. 180.00
(Clinical Sciences Vol. 2) Rs. 295.00

Nusrath Warsi MCQs in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 1/e Rs. 80.00

Pramod John R Essentials of Oral Medicine, 1/e Rs. 125.00

Satish Chandra TB of Preventive Dentistry, 1/e Rs. 150.00

Satish Chandra TB of Community Dentistry (With MCQs) Rs. 250.00

S.K. Purkait Essentials of Oral Pathology, 1/e Rs. 100.00

Pramod John R Essentials of Dental Radiology, 1/e Rs. 200.00

Roger J. Smales Porcelain Laminate Veneers for Dentists and Technicians, 1/e Rs. 500.00

Pramod John R Handbook of Dental Hygiene and Oral Diseases (In Press)

Satish Chandra A TB of Dental Materials with Multiple Choice Questions, 1/e Rs. 250.00

Satish Chandra TB of Dental Materials (Biomaterial) (In Press)

Satish Chandra TB of Endodontics Rs. 250.00 (New)

Sathyanarayan R Troubleshoot in Endodontics:A Guide for General Dental Practiti. Rs. 250.00

M Rahmatulla Management of Dental Caries Through the Atraumatic
Restorative Treatment (ART) Approach Rs. 200.00 (New)

P.K. Dayal Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 1/e Rs. 125.00

K. Jagannathan Art, Science & Crafts of Endodontics (In Press)

W.H.O. ICD-DA: Appli. of the Int. Classi. of Dise. to Dent. and Stoma. Rs. 100.00

Varghese Mani Orthognatic Surgery: Esthetic Surgery of the Face, 1/e Rs. 350.00

F..S. Mehta Tobacco-related Oral Mucosal Lesions and Conditions, 1/e Rs. 60.00

Moore Principles of Oral Surgery, 4/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 100.00

Junier Emergencies in Dent. Pract.: Diag. & Management, 1/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 60.00

Abubaker Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Secrets, 2001 Rs. 400.00 (New)

Sonis Dental Secrets, 2/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 400.00

Kruger Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 6/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 450.00

Malamed Handbook of Local Anaes., 2/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 200.00

Ten Cate Oral Histology Development, Structure & Function, 3/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 400.00

Graber Orthodontics Current Principles and Techniques, 1/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 500.00

Craig Dental Materials (Properties & Manipulation), 4/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 150.00

Pawlack Essentials of Periodontics, 3/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 125.00

Nabers Periodontic Therapy, 1/e Ind. Rs. 500.00

Besner Practical Endodontics, 1/e Ind. Rs. 250.00

Zambito Manual of Dental Therapeutics, 1/e, 1/e Ind. Rs. 150.00

Anusavice Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 10/e, (Or. Pr. $ 28.95) $ 15.00

Ash Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy , 7/e, (Or. Pr. $ 27) $ 12.00

Baum TB of Operative Dentistry $ 18.00

Berkovitz A Colour Atlas & TB of Oral Anat., Histology & Embryology, 2/e £ 40.00

Berkovitz Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Oral Anat., Histology & Embryology,1/e £ 16.95

Bhaskar Orban’s Oral Histology & Embryology, 11/e (Or. Pr. $ 61.95) Rs. 650.00

Bradley Essentials of Oral Physiology, 2/e, (Or. Pr. $ 38) $ 6.00

Burket Oral Medicine, (Or. Pr. $ 62.50) $ 27.00

Carranza Clinical Periodontology , 8/e, (Or. Pr. $ 44) $ 20.00

Cohen Pathways of the Pulp, 8/e, (Or. Pr. $ 89) Rs. 1750.00

Haring Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 2/e Rs. 695.00

Craig Dental Materials: Properties & Manipulation, 6/e (Or. Pr. $ 34) $ 9.00

Craig Restorative Dental Materials, 10/e, (Or. Pr.$ 60) $ 20.00

Eversole Oral Medicine $ 6.50

Foster TB of Orthodontics, 3/e, (Or. Pr. £ 42.50) £ 6.00

Gladwin Clinical Aspects of Dental Materials, 2000 $ 15.00 (New)

Glenwright Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Periodontology Dentistry, 1/e $ 29.95

Gluck Jong’s Community Dental Health, 4/e Asian (Or. Pr. $ 41.00) $ 8.00

Glyn Jones Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Operative Dentistry, 1/e $ 29.95

Goaz Oral Radiology: Prin.& Interpretation, 3/e, (Or. Pr. $ 72) $ 28.00

Grundy A Colour Atlas of Clini. Opera. Dentistry Crowns & Bridges, 2/e $ 75.95

MacCabe Applied Dental Materials, 8/e, (Or. Pr. £ 26.95) £ 4.00

Malamed Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 4/e, (Or. Pr. $ 47.95) Rs. 750.00

Malamed Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office, 4/e, (Or. Pr. $ 52) $ 15.00

McDonald Dentistry for Child & Adolescent, 7/e, (Or. Pr. $ 68) Rs. 1095.00

McGiveney McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics, 10/e (Or. Pr. $ 77) Rs. 695.00

Milner Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Pediatrics Medicine, 1/e $ 23.95

Peterson Contemporary Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2/e (Or. Pr. $ 69) $ 35.00

Pinkham Pediatric Dentistry, 3/e, 1999 $ 16.00 (New)

Profit Contemporary Orthodontics , 2/e, (Or. Pr. $ 81) $ 35.00

Rosenstiel Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 2/e, (Or. Pr. $ 72) $ 25.00

Rout Self-Ass. Picture Tests: Oral Radiology, 1/e $ 29.95

Shafer A TB of Oral Pathology, 4/e, (Or. Pr. $ 73) $ 22.00

Shaw Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Pediatric Dentistry, 1/e $ 29.95

Sonis Principle and Practice of Oral Medicine $ 18.00

Strudevant Art & Science of Operative Dentistry, 4/e, (Or. Pr. $ 82) $ 37.00

TenCate Oral Histology, 5/e, (Original Price $ 67.00) Rs. 1250.00

Bishara Textbook of Orthodontics Rs. 595.00

Walker Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Endodontics, 1/e $ 29.95

Weine Endodontic Therapy, 5/e, (Or. Pr. $ 83) $ 21.00

White Self-Ass. Picture Tests in or: Dental Technology, 1/e $ 29.95

Winstanley Self-Ass. Picture Tests in Prosthodontics, 1/e $ 29.95

Woelfel Dental Anatomy: Its Relevance to Dentistry, 5/e (Or. Pr. $ 42.95) $ 14.00

Wood Differential Diag. of Oral & Maxillofacial Lesions, 5/e (Or. Pr. $ 78) $ 37.50

Zarb Boucher’s Prosthodontic Treatment, 11/e, (Or. Pr. $ 76) $ 22.00

Zwemer Mosby’s Dental Dictionary, 4/e Asian, (Or. Pr. $ 39.95) $ 7.00

Making your dental visit more tolerable
Saturday, February 26, 2005 | gp

Scared of going to the dentist? You're not alone.

``When the teeth are hurting, the pain is exquisite,'' said Rita Cowan, a Cuyahoga Falls psychologist who specializes in pain management. ``And human beings are designed for pain avoidance, so there's a built-in mechanism around that.''

Past experiences, particularly those before modern techniques were created to eliminate pain, can contribute to anxiety. Horror stories and jokes about frightening dental visits don't help, either.

Dentists increasingly are taking steps to put patients at ease, Cowan said. But there are things patients can do to help themselves.

Cowan offers these tips to help patients make their next visit to the dentist more tolerable:

_Visit the practice before selecting a new dentist. Make sure you like the style of the dentist and his or her staff.

_Ask the dentist questions about approaches used to control pain.

_Practice breathing techniques before your appointment to help you relax during stressful moments. ``Feel the cool going in the nostrils and hot air going out the mouth,'' Cowan said.

_Use visualization to imagine yourself somewhere more pleasant during your appointment - perhaps an oceanside vacation or favorite hiking spot.

_Try aromatherapy and find a scent that soothes and calms you. Bring a little tube of that oil with you to your appointment.

_Ask your dentist if you can use headphones to listen to your favorite music or a book on tape if the practice doesn't already provide them.

Males more scared of dentists than females-Survey
Saturday, February 26, 2005 | gp

Put a guy in a dental chair, and he turns into a wimp.

In a new survey of 171 Chicago area dentists, 49 percent said males are more anxious when it comes to dental appointments, while only 15 percent thought females were the scaredy-cats.

The survey is being released at the Chicago Dental Society's annual meeting at McCormick Place.

Dentists chose the best smiles from a list of five local celebrities.


Oprah Winfrey: 49 percent
Michael Jordan: 35 percent
Joan Cusack: 10 percent
Bill Kurtis: 4 percent
Mayor Daley: 3 percent

"The bigger they are, the more they fear," said Niles dentist Alice Boghosian.

Westchester dentist Keith Suchy has found that when they're little, boys generally are no more afraid than girls. But as they get older, the fear gender gap widens. By the time patients hit their 40s, Suchy estimates, there are four dental-phobic men for every anxious woman.

One reason may be that men don't take care of their teeth as well as women do and therefore need more work. A 2003 American Dental Association survey found that women are more likely to brush their teeth after meals, while men are less likely to even have a dentist.

Chicago hygienist JoAnn Butters said some of her male patients go 10 years between dental visits.

"They won't come in, so their wives make the appointments," she said.

Chicago dentist Cheryl D. Watson-Lowry has a different theory. Men who are used to being in charge, such as cops and doctors, tend to feel vulnerable in the dental chair.

"They have a difficult time relinquishing control," she said.


To reassure them, Watson-Lowry promises to immediately stop whatever she's doing if the patient raises his hand or even lifts an eyebrow. But many men won't admit they're afraid, she said.

"They just won't show up."

CBSE Affiliated Medical and Dental Colleges in India
Thursday, February 24, 2005 | gp

For those not familiar with the CBSE-PMT, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi conducts the All India Pre-Medical Test (PMT) / Pre-Dental Test. The CBSE has certain seats reserved in most of the prestigious medical colleges in India, with notable exceptions like AIIMS and AFMC. The test is for admission to medical and dental colleges run by the Union of India, State Governments, Municipal or other local authorities except the States of Andhra Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir (Candidates belonging to Andhra Pradesh and J&K are not eligible). Admission is on an all-India basis. Following a decision by the Supreme Court of India, 15% are reserved, with some exceptions, for residents from outside the given State.

The CBSE-PMT tests candidates on Physics, Biology, and Chemistry. It is typically held in the 2nd week of May. Approximately 200,000 candidates enroll for the test and approximately 2000 students are selected and the allotment of colleges is based on ranking in the test.

CBSE-Affiliated Medical Colleges


ASSAM
Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh
Guwahati Medical College, Guwahati
Silchar Medical College, Silchar

BIHAR
AN Magadh Medical College, Gaya
Darbhanga Medical College, Laheriasarai
Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur
MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur
Nalanda Medical College, Patna
Patna Medical College, Patna
Rajendra Medical College, Ranchi
SK Medical College, Muzaffarpur
Patliputra Medical College, Dhanbad

CHANDIGARH
Govt. Medical College, Chandigarh

DELHI
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi (for Girls only)
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
University College of Medical Science, Delhi

GOA
Goa Medical College, Panaji

GUJARAT
B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad
Government Medical College, Surat
NHL Municipal Medical College, Abmedabad
Medical College, Baroda
M.P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar

HARYANA
Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Medical College, Rohtak

HIMACHAL PRADESH
Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore
Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Science, Bellary
Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hubli
Medical College, Mysore

KERALA
Calicut Medical College, Calicut
Government Medical College, Trivandrum
T.D. Medical College, Alleppey (Allappuzha)
Government Medical College, Trichur
Medical College, Kottayam

MAHARASHTRA
B.J. Medical College. Pune
Or. V.M. Medical College, Sholapur
Medical College, Aurangabad
Medical College, Nag pur
Grant Medical College, Mumbai
Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nag pur
L. T.M. Medical College, Mumbai
Govt. Medical College, Miraj
Seth G.S. Medical College. Mumbai
SRTR Medical College, Ambajogai
T.N. Medical College, Mumbai
Gov1. Medical College, Nanded
Shri~ Vasant Rao Naik Medical College, Yavatmal
Shri B.H. Govt. Medical College, Ohule
R.G.M.C. & Chap. S.M. Hospital. Thane

MADHYA PRADESH
Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal
Government Medical College, Jabalpur
G.R. Medical College. Gwalior
M.G.M. Medical College, Indore
Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur
S.S. Medical College, Rewa

ORISSA
MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Ganjam
SCB Medical College, Cuttack
V.S.S. Medical College, Burla Oistt, Sambalpur

PONDICHERRY
Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry

PUNJAB
Govt. Medical College, Patiala
Guru Govind Singh Medical College. Faridkot
Medical College. Amritsar

RAJASTHAN
S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur
JLN Medical College. Ajmer
SMS Medical College, Jaipur
S.P. Medical College. Bikaner
R.N. T. Medical College, Udaipur A 6 Medical College, Kota

TAMILNADU ,
Chengalpattu Medical College. Chengalpattu
Coimbatore Medical College. Coimbatore
Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai
Madras Medicat College Chennai
MaduralMedical Conege;Madurai
Stanley Medical College Chennai
Thanjavur Medical College Thanjavur
Tirunelveli Medical college, Tirunelveli
Govt. MKMM Medical College, selam

UTTAR PRADESH
Medical COllege. Gorakhpur
GSV Memorial Medical College, Kanpur
King George's Medical College. Lucknow
LLR Memorial Medical College, Meerut
Rani Lakshmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi
MLN Medical College, Allahabad
S.N. Medical College, Agra

WEST BENGAL
Bankura Sammilani Medical Cotlege Bankura
Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan
Calcutta National Medical College, CALCUTTA
Medical College. Calcutta
NRS Medical College, Calcutta
North Bengal Medical College, P.O.Sushrutanagar Darjeeling
R.G. KAR Medical College, Calcutta



CBSE-Affiliated Dental Colleges


ASSAM
Regional Dental College, Guwahati

MAHARASHTRA
Govt Dental College, Aurangabad
Govt Dental College, Mumbai
Government Dental College, Nagpur
Nair Dental College, Mumbai

BIHAR
Dental College & Hospital, Patna

DELHI
Maulana Azad Medical College (Dental), New Delhi

ORISSA
SCB Medical College (Dental), Cuttack

GOA, DAMAN & DIU
Dental College & Hospital, Goa

PONDICHERRY
Mahatama Gandhi Dental College Pondicherry

GUJARAT
Government Dental College, Ahmedabad
Government Dental College & Hospital, Jamnagar

PUNJAB
Dental College, Amritsar
Dental wing Medical College, Patiala

HARYANA
Pt. B.D. Sharma Medical College (Dental), Rohtak

RAJASTHAN
SMS Medical College (Dental), Jaipur

KARNATAKA
Goverment Dental College, Bangalore

TAMIL NADU
Madras Dental College, Chennai

KERALA
Dental College, Calicut
Dental College, Trivandrum

UTTAR PRADESH
King George's Medical College (Dental), Lucknow

MADHYA PRADESH
College Qf Dentistry, Indore

WEST BENGAL
R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Calcutta
North Bengal Dental College, Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling

Filling without Drilling
Thursday, February 24, 2005 | gp

(WebMD) A newly invented dental paste could silence the dreaded whine of dentists' drills, fixing early cavities without fillings.

The paste was developed by researchers including Kazue Yamagishi, DMD, from Japan's FAP Dental Institute. Their report appears in the Feb. 24 issue of the journal Nature.

Ordinarily, dental cavities are fixed by removing the decaying part of the tooth and adding a filling. But that strategy is overkill for fledgling cavities, say the researchers. In cavities' earliest stages, tooth decay is microscopic. It doesn't make sense to use fillings in those cases because too much of the healthy tooth would have to be removed to help the filling stick, say Yamagishi and colleagues.

Left unchecked, bacteria in tiny cavities destroy tooth enamel, creating deeper cavities in the tooth.

In time, continued erosion weakens teeth, and fillings become necessary. Later, root canals or crowns may be needed when the fillings wear out. Tooth loss even can occur.

The new dental paste stops that process before it snowballs. The white crystalline paste chemically and structurally resembles tooth enamel. It successfully repaired an early cavity lesion in a lower premolar tooth, the researchers report.

It took 15 (drill-free) minutes to use the paste to seal the tooth's affected area. Examination showed the paste fit right in, integrating with the tooth's enamel.

The researchers also compared a repair done with fluoride solution, an alternative treatment for early cavities. The fluoride solution covered the tooth enamel, but its thickness varied, and it left a gap at the border of the tooth's treated and untreated regions.

The paste left no gap and kept the treated enamel's thickness even, say the researchers. The paste can fix early cavities and strengthen natural enamel, helping to prevent cavities from returning to the same area, they say.

The paste would be used in practice and shouldn't come in contact with the gums. Its acidity and high concentration of hydrogen peroxide could cause inflammation of the gums, say the researchers. Other materials with similarly aggravating potential are already used on patients, they note.

It could be a while before your dentist stocks the paste. For now, your best bets to avoid the drill are brushing and flossing your teeth, eating healthfully, and getting regular dental care.

Sources: Yamagishi, K. Nature, Feb. 24, 2005; vol 433: p 819. News release, Nature.

Dentists' Top 10 Snacks that Put Patients in Dental Danger
Thursday, February 24, 2005 | gp

The Chicago Dental Society (CDS) recently polled nearly 200 dentists about issues such as their own dental habits, the top 10 foods that can lead to cavities, and whether men or women are more anxious about visiting the dentist.


Medicinal products, like antacids, cough drops and breath mints. Gram for gram, some antacids and cough drops have as much- if not more-sugar than chocolate! If you can't imagine life without breath mints, make sure to read the label. Some brands pack nearly 1/4 cup of sugar per tin.

Bottled water. If you usually consume bottled or filtered water, you may be missing out on the decay-preventing benefits of fluoride. Most bottled waters do not contain fluoride, and most home water-filtration systems remove all fluoride. Read the label and look for bottled waters that contain fluoride.

Sports drinks. Except in cases of dehydration or significant exertion, reach for water (with fluoride!) instead of a sports drink. These drinks are often high in sugars.

U.N. to Debate How Best to Curb Mercury
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

U.N. to Debate How Best to Curb Mercury

At a meeting in Kenya, European ministers will seek deadlines and bans on the global pollutant, but the U.S. opposes a binding treaty.

Environmental ministers meeting in Nairobi this week to tackle one of the most widespread pollutants will be asked to choose between strict curbs on mercury proposed by the European Union and a voluntary approach advocated by the United States.

The EU is calling for deadlines, bans and detailed promises, whereas the U.S. prefers partnerships between industries and governments with no specific goals or deadlines for reducing either the global supply or demand of mercury.

In 2001, the United Nations Environment Program, or UNEP, declared that "national, regional and global actions, both immediate and long-term, should be initiated as soon as possible" to reduce emissions of mercury, a potent neurotoxin that has contaminated fish and other food sources around the world.

Meeting at UNEP's world headquarters in the Kenyan capital through Friday, more than 100 environmental ministers from six continents will decide whether to begin drafting a binding international treaty to restrict the buying, selling and use of mercury.

Whether for small gold mines in Ghana or chemical factories in Louisiana, mercury is traded freely as a commodity on the world market. Every year, about 3,400 tons are purchased for use in industrial processes, particularly chlorine manufacture, and in products such as batteries.

Mercury is a natural element in the Earth's crust. When industries release it into the air, however, it travels great distances, contaminating oceans, lakes and rivers. The amount of mercury found in one out of six Americans exceeds levels that could cause neurological and developmental damage in a fetus or infant, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Unlike most other pollutants, mercury is used primarily in the developing world, not industrialized countries.

Coal-burning power plants are the largest source of mercury emissions in the U.S. — and in the world. But restrictions on the power industry will be left to individual nations under all the plans under consideration. Mercury alloys used in dental fillings also would remain unaffected.

The four industries that buy and sell mercury are the focus of the U.N. debate: chlorine production; battery manufacturing, which occurs mostly in China; small-scale gold mining in Africa, Brazil and Southeast Asia; and mercury mines in Spain, Kyrgyzstan, Algeria and China.

"Mercury mismanaged anywhere in the world contaminates U.S. food supplies," said Linda Greer, director of environmental health for the nonprofit Natural Resources Defense Council. "Mercury escaping from outdated chemical factories in India may easily appear in fish at a Manhattan grocery store or caught by anglers here in the U.S. Great Lakes."

In a report last year, the European Commission, the EU's executive body, concluded that mercury should be considered a special case for trade restrictions because "it does not make economic or environmental sense for the European Commission to protect the free-functioning market for a toxic substance."

In its proposal to the U.N., the EU vowed to end all exports by 2011, shut down its only mercury mine and close old chloralkali plants that use vats of mercury to produce chlorine. It wants the rest of the world to commit itself to doing the same.

But the Bush administration opposes a binding treaty. Instead, it has called for creating partnerships between industries, governments and environmental groups to share information about mercury-free technologies, health advisories on contaminated fish and the best business practices.

Claudia A. McMurray, deputy assistant secretary for the environment at the State Department, said partnerships are the best option because negotiating a treaty could drag out five to eight years. Many developing nations, she said, do not even understand the extent of their emissions yet or the possible solutions, so they are unprepared to negotiate and cannot commit themselves to milestones.

"A one-size-fits-all set of deadlines is not necessarily the right answer," McMurray said. "We see more individualized solutions."

At least 10 nations have shown interest in the partnerships, and the U.S. this week plans to pledge more than $1 million next year to support the U.N.'s mercury program.

The partnerships, McMurray said, would "make all the countries involved accountable. While they don't have a UNEP deadline attached to them, we would make a public commitment and the public could hold us to it."

Environmental groups in the U.S. and Europe accuse the administration of impeding any meaningful global progress and protecting U.S. industry.

"It's even worse than a weak starting point," Greer said. "It's a cover-up for not doing anything about the mercury problem. A partnership needs milestones and goals and timelines. Otherwise it will just be a meeting in Geneva twice a year."

Facing a divisive debate, the secretariat of UNEP has pieced together a directive that merges the U.S. partnerships proposal with one from Switzerland that would start crafting a binding treaty. Europe has proposed amendments that would close all mercury-using chlorine plants by 2020, restrict mercury batteries by 2010 and implement a strategy to reduce the metal's use in gold mines by 2007.

UNEP officials say developing nations are likely to side with the Bush administration out of fear that mercury supplies will be cut off. But they are eager to see whether the developed world — especially Japan, Canada and Australia — aligns with the U.S. or with Europe.

UNEP's governing council hopes to vote Thursday or Friday.

"What seems certain is that there is support for further activities on mercury. The discussions are on what form they should take," said Aase Tuxen, scientific affairs officer of UNEP's chemical division.

Europe and Asia have the most at stake economically. Europe is the world's largest exporter of mercury, while China and India are the biggest users.

In the U.S., the only industry with a sizable economic stake is the chlorine industry, which purchases about 130 tons of mercury per year. Most chlorine manufacturers worldwide have already switched to mercury-free technology. But more than 135 chloralkali plants still use vats of mercury to trigger a chemical reaction, including nine in the U.S.

EPA spokeswoman Cynthia Bergman said the U.S. already had reduced its mercury emissions by more than 45% since 1990. Next month, the EPA will impose a new rule that caps mercury released from power plants.

A Natural Gum Care Solution with the Power of Neem
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Clearwater, Florida (February 21, 2005) – Organix South, Inc. introduces TheraNeem Herbal Toothpaste, a unique and powerful oral care formula containing active botanicals such as supercritical extracts of Neem Bark and Leaf, Grapeseed, Clove, Fennel and other plants for maximum support of healthy gums and teeth. Formulated with great care to address problem areas in the mouth, the mint flavored product also leaves the breath fresh and teeth gleaming white. According to Autumn Blum, a cosmetic chemist who also serves the company as President, “This toothpaste contains a LOT of Neem bark because I wanted it to be really effective. So many products fall short of really keeping the mouth healthy.You will see by its brown color that it means BUSINESS!” Avoiding the common “unnatural” ingredients of traditional toothpaste, the company does not use lauryl sulfate, saccharin, parabens, artificial colors, artificial flavors or fluoride and guarantees that there are no animal by-products or testing. TheraNeem Herbal Toothpaste is step one of a three phase Oral Care System developed by Organix South that includes TheraNeem Mouthwash and internal supplementation with TheraNeem Leaf Supercritical Extract to provide consumers with best results. The four ounce tube is safe for children, diabetics and pets!



Commonly known in India as the “Toothbrush Tree”, Neem has traditionally been used in India and sourthern Asia as the preferred method for maintaining healthy teeth and gums. The bark and the sap within the twig are known not only for their cleaning ability but also for protecting the mouth. Such is its prominence in Indian society, that many researchers believe that these Neem twigs have helped rural Indians avoid cavities, despite limited access to modern dental care. Scientific research supports that Neem bark extract can reduce the ability of some streptococci to colonize tooth surfaces (Wolinsky, et al, 1996 and Patel and Venkatakrishna, 1988). In addition, the regular use of Neem toothpaste and mouthwash were shown to prevent or even reverse gingivitis (Elvin-Lewis, 1980).

Organix South, Inc. specializes in NEEM products that address a growing need for natural, therapeutic skin and body care. Each product is scientifically formulated to optimize NEEM’s therapeutic benefits in a gentle delivery system. Organix South offers the most complete line of NEEM products available, including Neem Leaf capsules and extracts, oral care, shampoo, conditioner, nail treatment, facial mask, bar soaps with up to 20% Neem oil, skin care, pet products and more. Products are available at health food stores, pharmacies and other fine outlets.

States shut doors to outsiders
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

BANGALORE: It is not just Karnataka which is shy of admitting non-state students to government seats in professional colleges. Outside students who cough up higher fees than their local counterparts are being turned away by most states down South this year.


To give priority to home students, Kerala, AP and TN have no provision to admit outside students to medical and engineering under the government quota.

Among all southern states, Kerala is a bit lenient. Though the entrance exam is open only to Keralites, the state has allowed non-Keralites to take up admission in self-financing engineering colleges under the ‘state merit’ seats. But non-state students will not be considered for admission against reserved seats.

In AP, Engineering, Agriculture, Medical Common Entrance Test, conducted by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, is open only to candidates from AP. “Students from other states are not eligible to apply for the test. Non-state students will have to be admitted under the management quota,’’ Jayaram Reddy, secretary, AP State Council for Higher Education, said.

Maharashtra CET also means no-entry to non-state students. But students can seek admission by appearing for the All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance Exam. Maharashtra has reserved 15 per cent of its seats for AIPMT candidates. TN Professional Courses Entrance Exam, scheduled for April 23, 24, too bars entry of non-state students in government quota. But rules permit other state candidates to seek admission for only in Anna University. Some private colleges, however, admit students based on the TNPCEE under management quota.

Dentists' Top 10 Uses for Dental Products Around the House
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Dentists' Top 10 Uses for Dental Products Around the House

Tue Feb 22,11:55 AM ET


-- Grooming Your Guinea Pig or Cleaning Your Bicycle: Dentists' Top 10 Uses for Dental Products Around the House


WHO: The Chicago Dental Society (CDS) recently polled nearly 200 dentists about their own dental habits, the top 10 dental dangers for patients, and household uses for those old or unused dental products.

Here are a few of the dentists' top suggestions on how old or unused dental products can also serve as handy household tools.


Calling all chefs. If you need to slice soft, delicate foods like cheesecake or truss poultry before cooking, dental floss can serve as a versatile cutting and binding tool in the kitchen.


Taking care of your furry (and not-so-furry) friends. Use a toothbrush to brush small pets, like guinea pigs. Toothbrushes are also great for scrubbing turtle shells and aquariums.


Rid your hands of smelly odors. Use toothpaste to wash and freshen up your hands after smelly activities such as cooking with garlic or handling fish, which may leave unpleasant odors on your skin.

Onus on state to protect students’ interests’
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Supreme Court says Chhattisgarh govt can take measure to have these institutions affiliated to existing ones.


New Delhi, February 22: WITH the Supreme Court striking down provisions of the Chhattisgarh law that paved the way for mushrooming of sub-standard private universities, the onus now is on the state government to take care of students who registered with them.

This has been abundantly made clear in the 73-page order passed by a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court yesterday quashing sections 5 and 6 of the Chhattisgarh Niji Kshetra Vishwavidyalaya Adhiniyam 2002 and its amended version of 2004, calling it a ‘‘fraud’’ on the Constitution.

‘‘In order to protect the interests of students who may actually be studying in the institutions established by such private universities, it is directed that the state government may take appropriate measures to have such institutions affiliated to the already existing state universities in Chhattisgarh,’’ the Court has said.

This, the court pointed out, is in keeping with certain other provisions of the Act which contemplates situations like the liquidation of a university. In such cases, ‘‘the responsibility would have to be assumed by the state government’’.

However, there is a rider. Affiliation shall be extended only if the institution fulfills requisite norms and standards. For instance, in the case of technical, medical or dental colleges, affiliation may be accorded only if they have been established after fulfilling the criteria laid down by All India Council of Technical Education, Medical Council of India, Dental Council or other statutory bodies.

The 2002 Adhiniyam was enacted by the Ajit Jogi government. After the BJP came to power in 2004, the Raman Singh government made some cosmetic changes and denotified 59 universities established under the law, still leaving out as many as 53.

But the Supreme Court order effectively derecognises all the 112 universities. The object of some of these private universities, which operated from one-room tenements and MIG flats, was not to impart quality education but to make money, the Court said.

The Act, according to Supreme Court, competely ‘‘stultified’’ the functioning of the UGC and made it impossible for the Commission to ensure standards.

Applying the scalpel to the Act, the order said, it never mandated the entreprenuer to have all necessary infrastructure for a university. All that was required was a proposal, which would be accorded legal sanction.

The Court also gave the Chhattisgarh government a dressing down over certain provisions in the Act providing for establishment of off-campus centres even outside the state.

This would mean extra-territorial operation for the state enactment, a power exclusively vested in Parliament. Thus it was clearly outside the legislative competence of the Chhattisgarh legislature, the court observed.

CBSE pre-medical, pre-dental exams on April 3:
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

[India News]: New Delhi, Feb 22 : The CBSE All India Pre-Medical and Pre-Dental entrance(preliminary) examinations would be held on April 3, 2005.

The particulars of all eligible candidates with roll number and centre of examination have been put on the website www.Cbse.Nic.In, a CBSE release said today.

The admit cards for the examination have been already dispatched to the candidates, it said.

In case candidates do not receive their admit cards by March 15 this year, they may contact the CBSE office in Delhi's Preet Vihar, the release added. PTI

Precision tools for teeth to help patients
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Chandigarh, February 22: THE arrival of new high-precision dentistry tools craved for by most dental surgeons across north India promises to drastically lower failure rates in dental surgeries.

When the nerves inside a tooth get infected due to poor oral hygiene and one develops pyorrhea, the medical process of cleaning the infected pulp canal and filling it often requires an x-ray and manual filling by dentists. Since the x-ray radiation is harmful to the gums, dentists always wanted tools that could measure the pulp canal length precisely and fill it exactly to the bottom.



A number of new devices being introduced in the North Indian market promise to make dentists’ work easier. Root-ZX, Tri Auto-ZX and Optura are some of the dentistry tools made by two Japanese companies which, dental surgeons here said, would do wonders in dental treatment in North Indian states. Although these and some other tools, distributed in India by Delhi-based company Tracom Services Private Limited, are already in use in the southern states, they’re yet to be used in the north, said Tracom Managing Director P.K. Agrawal.

The company organised a demonstration of these tools at a day-long workshop on Sunday. Over 165 dental surgeons from Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh attended this programme, where two veteran dental surgeons—Delhi-based Dr Sanjay Arora and Chandigarh’s Dr Vimal Kalia—made presentations on emerging technologies in dentistry.

‘‘Root-ZX is a specially designed apex locator, which measures the root canal length very accurately. Tri Auto-ZX enables dentists to both measure the root canal length and clean the canal. Optura enables us to fill the canal up to the apex and drastically reduces failure rates,’’ said consultant periodontist Dr Sanjay Bansal.

For bone graft on decaying teeth, Tracom is the only company that manufactures material in three forms—granules, gel and sponge. Agrawal said gel is made only by Tracom. Consultant endodontist Dr Rohit Miglani of Panchkula said gel was the best as it could flow into each nook and corner of the gum bone.

KaVo purchased by Danaher Corporation
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

KaVo purchased by Danaher Corporation


The owners of Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH & Co. KG (KaVo), a group of 17 individuals from the Hoffmeister, Wiemers and Kaltenbach families, and Danaher Corporation (Danaher) signed a definitive agreement whereby Danaher will acquire all of the shares of KaVo. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. All the participants, however, believe the transactions will be completed within the next two to three months.


KaVo, headquartered in Biberach/Riss, Germany, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of dental equipment for dental practices and dental laboratories, with annual sales revenues of 370 million euros in 2003 and about 3,300 employees. The company's product portfolio ranges from extremely precise dental instruments to the fitting out of entire dental practices. It is comprised of four divisions: instruments, complete dental equipments, dental systems and laboratory. KaVo has German production facilities in Biberach, Warthausen and Leutkirch, and also production facilities in Italy, Brazil and North America. Furthermore, the company is represented in 21 countries through its own sales and service companies, and in other countries through exclusive dealer relationships.

The buyer, Danaher, a New York Stock Exchange listed company (NYSE:DHR) has its headquarters in Washington D.C./USA. The company had 2003 sales revenues of over five billion dollars per annum and has six strategic platforms: Electronic Test, Environmental, Motion, Product Identification, Mechanics Hand Tools and Medical Technology. The company is also engaged in a number of niche markets. Danaher has approximately 30,000 employees, with about 17,000 of these in the USA.

Within the Medical Technology platform Danaher wants to strengthen and develop its dental business portfolio. KaVo, which is well established in the dental market, will play a strategic role for this business in the future: KaVo with its headquarters in Biberach will form the main pillar of the Dental business along with Gendex, a leader in dental X-ray equipment, previously acquired by Danaher in February 2004.

The current KaVo-management will secure the continuity of all business processes and in particular the customer relationships also in the future.
Dr. Martin Rickert, CEO of Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH & Co. KG, sees advantages in the acquisition by Danaher: "KaVo will benefit from the relationship with Danaher helping us to expand our offering for dentists and dental technicians by developing and expanding the Dental business into new segments of the dental market. Our customers will benefit from this expansion of our product portfolio.

H. Lawrence Culp Jr., President and CEO of Danaher, also sees the successful completion of the agreement as the key to major development potential: "With KaVo we are acquiring one of the best-known brands in the dental sector with an excellent reputation worldwide. The addition of KaVo further expands our position in this attractive market" .

KaVo has been growing continuously in the last few years in its core markets and has the potential to expand this position as a premium brand in the dental market. However the challenges, particularly with regard to advancing globalization, are increasing. And to maintain a leading role in the worlds markets, the further development of the product portfolio on the one hand and an increased presence in the markets in which KaVo has not been fully represented on the other hand, is mandatory. This can be facilitated with the help of a strategic investor like Danaher.

KaVo FLEXspace wins the „iF design award 2004 ”
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

The new KaVo laboratory furnishing line FLEXspace has recently won the well-known „iF design award 2004“.

This award is regarded as one of the most important design competitions worldwide, attracting over 1,800 entries from 30 different countries every year. The jury, composed of top international designers, not only critically examines and selects the award-winning entries, but also guarantees iF's special status and the high-quality reputation of the iF label.

This year 513 out of 1,458 total contestants were the satisfied winners of a coveted iF seal of design quality. Their selection for an iF design award 2004 was made by a prominent jury under the chairmanship of Fritz Frenkler. Participants from 32 countries submitted their products for judging in the iF design award competition, subdivided into 6 different disciplines. KaVo FLEXspace was submitted into the discipine “Product Design”.

The international jury observed during the last year a new trend in the durable goods category, where outstanding technical innovations were coupled with excellent design solutions.

Just according to the “KaVo Philisophy” excellent design and perfect functionality were the main focus during the development of the new laboratory furnishing FLEXspace.

Thanks to its great combination of modern design (by Schlagheck Design GmbH) and technical innovation, FLEXspace could impress the international jury and win the „iF design award 2004“.

Acquisition of KaVo is perfect
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Biberach, Germany, Owners of Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH & Co. KG (KaVo) and the Danaher Corporation (Danaher) signed an agreement on the acquisition of KaVo by the American company. The transaction was still subject to the approval of public agencies and the fulfillment of other customary completion conditions. In the meantime these approvals have been granted and the conditions fulfilled, with the effect that the legal take-over (closing) was completed on Friday, 28 May 2004.


In the future KaVo will play a leading role within Danaher's medical technology platform: The German company, with its headquarters in Biberach, will form the main pillar of the new Dental division together with Gendex, a provider of dental X-ray devices. Within the Dental division, Gendex will report to Dr. Martin Rickert. At present all the corporate flows and organisational structures are being coordinated so as to optimise the activities, and in particular in the field of marketing and sales, so as to ensure customer satisfaction.

The KaVo and Gendex brands are to be retained as independent brands within Danaher's Dental division. Hence KaVo will launch its intra-oral X-Ray system eXam in the coming month. The Gendex X-ray range has already been established for many years and will thus be ideally complemented by the KaVo eXam. For the customers this provides an additional benefit by offering him advanced features, integrated solutions and more choices.

Global Dental Company “Adds Teeth” to Its Operations
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Accenture implemented Ivoclar Vivadent’s first-ever Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solution. Based on Clarify technology, the program provided enhanced CRM features, as well as data warehouse capabilities. At the same time, the project team revamped Ivoclar Vivadent's website and consolidated content and image into a single site with a consistent voice.

A company with an exceptional reputation, Ivoclar Vivadent needed a change to improve its performance and continue to grow the business. A leading supplier of comprehensive systems for dental practices and dental laboratories, its global operations spanned 16 countries and were decentralized, thus creating ever-increasing obstacles in keeping pace with customer expectations, operating efficiently and competing globally.


The lack of a consistent, global brand image and effective customer relationship management tools hindered the company's ability to fully serve its customers. In addition, too much time was being spent sorting data inconsistencies from different IT systems, many of which were legacy systems no longer supported by the original software provider. The company also needed more sophisticated system capabilities to meet various new reporting needs.

To pave the way for future growth and expansion, Ivoclar Vivadent knew it had to transform the company to move to a higher level of performance. It started with an overarching business strategy, with a new global IT plan as a key component. "We realized we needed to implement a number of major initiatives, including the standardization of our major business processes and an overhaul of our information infrastructure across all of our companies around the world," said Georg Abderhalden, head of IT for Ivoclar Vivadent headquarters in Lichtenstein.

But Ivoclar Vivadent had only a small IT personnel base and no experience in implementing such projects on a global scale. This was to be the largest IT undertaking in the company's history. To make its ideas a reality, Ivoclar Vivadent turned to Accenture because of its proven experience to manage complex IT infrastructure projects on a global level, its expertise in the relevant technologies, its execution of value-driven processes and its focus on results-based business outcomes. Accenture's network of alliances, particularly with SAP and Microsoft, were additional key deciding factors in Ivoclar Vivadent selecting Accenture as a key partner.

Caries prevalence and its relation to socio-economic status and oral hygiene practices in 600 pre-school children of Kerala
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

The study conducted about Caries prevalence and its relation to socio-economic status and oral hygiene practices in 600 pre-school children of Kerala by Kuriakose S, Joseph E.of Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum brought out many interesting facts.

This Study was undertaken to determine the caries status of pre-school children in Ulloor Panchayat of Trivandrum, Kerala and to determine the relation if any, between their caries and socio-economic status and oral practices. 200 children each from the low, middle arid higher socio-economic group were visually examined for caries by the same examiner in natural daylight. Caries was recorded according to the WHO criteria. Information regarding the childrens' oral hygiene practices were obtained through structured questionnaires to the care takers of the children. Computer analysis of the data collected showed that 43% of the study sample were caries free. Socio-economic level was found to have a negative association with caries status. The mode of tooth brushing was found to be significantly related to caries severity while the frequency of tooth brushing was found to have no association with caries prevalence and severity.

Early childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

A Study was conducted on Early childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala by Jose B, King NM of Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.

PURPOSE: No data are available on possible risk indicators or the prevalence of caries lesions for preschool children under 4 years of age in Kerala, southern India. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (1) to gather data on caries lesion frequency and distribution; (2) to determine any possible associations with feeding habits and oral health care practices.

METHODS: A sample of 530 children, aged from 8 to 48 months (mean=2.5+/-0.96 years), who attended 13 day care centers were clinically examined for caries lesions using a disposable mouth mirror, tongue spatula, and a torch light. There were 513 dentate children. The caregiver of each child then completed, by interview, a structured questionnaire.

RESULTS: Among the group of 252 girls and 278 boys, the dmft was 1.84+/-2.87 with 56% of the children being caries-lesion free. Fifty-nine (12%) were considered to have early childhood caries (ECC), based on the criteria that smooth surface caries lesions on all 4 maxillary incisor teeth indicated severe ECC. Breast-feeding was practiced by 99% of the mothers, and 5% did so exclusively. Generally, breast-feeding was on demand. Statistically significant correlations were found between caries lesions and the child's dental condition, as perceived by the mother or caregiver (P<.0001), the dental status of the caregiver (P=.0417), consumption of snacks (P=.0177), giving of sweets as a reward (P<.0001), cleaning of the child's mouth (P<.0001), oral hygiene status of the child (P<.0001) and low socioeconomic status, as measured by income (P<.0001).

CONCLUSION: From the results of this study of preschool children in Kerala, the groups at high risk from dental caries lesions are: (1) those with poor oral hygiene status; (2) those who consume snacks and are given sweets as rewards; (3) those belonging to a lower socioeconomic class.

Dental problems among school going children in rural Kerala.
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Prevalence of dental health problems among school going children in rural Kerala were studied by Jose A, Joseph MR of Department of Dental Surgery, M.O.S.C. Medical College, Kolenchery.

The purpose of this study was to know the prevalence and pattern of dental health problems in rural school children of Kerala and to identify the priority area for dental health education programmes. The children were examined and findings recorded. the findings show that more than 50% of the children in the 12 to 15 years of age group in rural Kerala suffers from some form of dental diseases. Males and females are equally affected and dental caries is the most common problem encountered.

Dental fluorosis, a public health problem in the Ambalappuzha taluk.
Wednesday, February 23, 2005 | gp

Fluorosis is considered endemic in 15 states of India. Dental fluorosis is the most convenient biomarker of exposure to fluoride. In Kerala, although the condition is reported to be endemic in the districts of Alappuzha and Palakkad, there are no systematic epidemiological studies evaluating dental fluorosis.

The study was conducted by Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis among school children in Ambalappuzha taluk, Alappuzha district, Kerala and evaluated the contribution of potential risk factors. They did not observe any significant association between dental fluorosis and the intake of brick-tea, consumption of fish or the use of toothpaste.

Dental fluorosis is a public health problem in the Ambalappuzha taluk. Active steps must be taken to partially defluoridate the water before distribution to reduce the morbidity associated with dental fluorosis in this area. Similar surveys are required in other parts of India to identify areas with high water fluoride content and determine the extent and manner in which defluoridation can be carried out.

MDS Seats in India
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

List of Dental Colleges in India offering MDS
This list may not be totally complete

State
Name
Courses Offered
Intake Capacity

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Pedodontics
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Orthodontics
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Prosthodontics
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Periodontics
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

ANDHRA PRADESH
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad – 500012 (A.P.)
Conservative Dentistry
2

ASSAM
Regional Dental College, Guwahati – 781002
Periodontics
2

ASSAM
Regional Dental College, Guwahati – 781002
Conservative Dentistry
2

BIHAR
Patna Dental College & Hospital, Agamkuan, Patna – 800007 (Bihar)
Prosthodontics
2

CHANDIGARH
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research,Sector-12, Chandigarh-160017
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
2

DELHI
Department of Dental Surgery,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar,New Delhi – 110029
Orthodontics
2

DELHI
Department of Dental Surgery,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar,New Delhi – 110029
Prosthodontics
2

GOA
Goa Dental College & Hospital,P.O. Bambolim,Goa – 403202
Prosthodontics
3

GOA
Goa Dental College & Hospital,P.O. Bambolim,Goa – 403205
Periodontics
2

GOA
Goa Dental College & Hospital,P.O. Bambolim,Goa – 403206
Conservative Dentistry
2

GOA
Goa Dental College & Hospital,P.O. Bambolim,Goa – 403203
Orthodontics
2

GOA
Goa Dental College & Hospital,P.O. Bambolim,Goa – 403204
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Conservative Dentistry
4

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Prosthodontics
3

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Periodontics
5

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
5

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Oral Medicnie & Radiology
1

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
4

GUJARAT
Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound, Ahmedabad – 380016 (Gujrat).
Orthodontics
4

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Prosthodontics
3

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Periodontics
2

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Orthodontics
3

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Pedodontics
3

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Periodontics
3

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

HARYANA
DAV Cententary Dental College,Yamuna Nagar
Conservative Dentistry
3

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Conservative Dentistry
2

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Pedodontics
1

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Orthodontics
1

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Prosthodontics
1

HARYANA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
6

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Periodontics
3

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Pedodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
6

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Pedodontia
6

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Periodontics
6

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
6

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
4

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
4

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Orthodontics
6

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
4

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
5

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Orthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
M.R.A. Dental College1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town,Bangalore – 560005.(Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Surgery,Light House, Hill Road,Mangalore – 575001 (Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Surgery,Light House, Hill Road,Mangalore – 575001 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
5

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Sciences,Davangere – 577004.(Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
P.M. Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital,Bagalkot – 587101(Distt. Bijapur – Karnataka)
Orthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
3

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Orthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
H.K.E. Society’s Dental College,Gulbarga – 585105 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental Surgery,Light House, Hill Road,Mangalore – 575001 (Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Pedodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
H.K.E. Society’s Dental College,Gulbarga – 585105 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

KARNATAKA
K.V.G. Dental College & Hospital,Kurunjibag,Sullia – 574237 (D.K.Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
5

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Pedodontia
2

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
K.V.G. Dental College & Hospital,Kurunjibag,Sullia – 574237 (D.K.Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
K.V.G. Dental College & Hospital,Kurunjibag,Sullia – 574237 (D.K.Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
Jagdguru Shri Shivarathruaswara Dental College & Hospital,Sri Shivarathruaswara Nagar,Mysore – 570015 (Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
4

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577010
Pedodontics
6

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577009
Oral Medicine & Radiology
4

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577008
Prosthodontics
6

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577007
Orthodontics
6

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577006
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
6

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577005
Conservative Dentistry
6

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577004
Periodontics
6

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Pedodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Pedodontics
2

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
6

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
4

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
4

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
1

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Public Health Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Periodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

KARNATAKA
Govt. Dental CollegeFort,Bangalore – 580002.(Karnataka)
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
College of Dental SurgeryKasturba Medical College,Manipal – 576119 (Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
9

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
4

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
6

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
7

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
6

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
4

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
8

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
6

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577011
Community Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
8

KARNATAKA
Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Davangere – 577012
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
8

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
10

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
3

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Orthodontics
7

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Conservative Dentistry
5

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
4

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Prosthodontics
7

KARNATAKA
KLE Society’s Dental College,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Campus, Nehru Nagar,Belgaum – 590010 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
5

KARNATAKA
SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri,Dharwad – 580002 (Karnataka)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
A.B. Shetty Memorial Instt. of Dental Sciences, Medical ComplexDeralakatta – 574 160 (Karnataka)
Periodontics
5

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Prosthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Conservative Dentistry
4

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Periodontics
3

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
Yenepoya Dental CollegeZulakha Complex,Bibi Alabi Road,Mangalore – 575001(Karnataka)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Pedodontics
2

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Community Dentistry
3

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Prosthodontics
5

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Periodontics
6

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Conservative Dentistry
4

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Pedodontics
3

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

KARNATAKA
The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore
Oral Medicine & Radiology
5

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Prosthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Orthodontics
3

KARNATAKA
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore.
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
R.V. Dental College, Bangalore
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Orthodontics
1

KARNATAKA
A.M.E.’s Dental College & Hospital, Raichur
Prosthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Periodontics
3

KARNATAKA
A.M.E.’s Dental College & Hospital, Raichur
Orthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
A.M.E.’s Dental College & Hospital, Raichur
Periodontics
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Oral Medicine & Radiology
3

KARNATAKA
A.M.E.’s Dental College & Hospital, Raichur
Conservative Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
Al-Ameen Dental College, Bijapur
Orthodontics
2

KARNATAKA
Al-Ameen Dental College, Bijapur
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Community Dentistry
2

KARNATAKA
V.S. Dental College, Bangalore
Pedodontics
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835008
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Periodontics
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Conservative Dentistry
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Prosthodontics
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Orthodontics
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical College P.O.,Calicut – 637008.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835001
Conservative Dentistry
4

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835006
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835005
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835004
Periodontics
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835002
Prosthodontics
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835003
Orthodontics
3

KERALA
Dental College,Medical Campus,Trivendrum – 835007
Pedodontics
2

MADHYA PRADESH
College of DentistryIndore – 452001 (M.P.)
Orthodontics
1

MADHYA PRADESH
College of DentistryIndore – 452001 (M.P.)
Prosthodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Rural Dental College of Pravara Medical TrustP.O. Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS)Pin-413736
Periodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital,Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector-7, Narul,Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Orthodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital,Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector-7, Narul,Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Periodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital,Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector-7, Narul,Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Conservative Dentistry
2

MAHARASHTRA
Rural Dental College of Pravara Medical TrustP.O. Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS)Pin-413740
Prosthodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Rural Dental College of Pravara Medical TrustP.O. Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS)Pin-413739
Conservative Dentistry
2

MAHARASHTRA
Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital,Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector-7, Narul,Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

MAHARASHTRA
Rural Dental College of Pravara Medical TrustP.O. Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS)Pin-413737
Orthodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Conservative Dentistry
2

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Medical College Campus,Aurangabad – 431001 (Maharashtra)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
3

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Medical College Campus,Aurangabad – 431001 (Maharashtra)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

MAHARASHTRA
Rural Dental College of Pravara Medical TrustP.O. Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS)Pin-413738
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

MAHARASHTRA
Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital,Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector-7, Narul,Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Prosthodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Prosthodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Periodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Conservative Dentistry
4

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
4

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Prosthodontics
6

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Orthodontics
6

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Periodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
5

MAHARASHTRA
Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital,Wardha
Oral Medicine & Radiology
4

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Medical College Campus,Aurangabad – 431001 (Maharashtra)
Conservative Dentistry
3

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Orthodontics
4

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Pedodontics
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Medical College Campus,Aurangabad – 431001 (Maharashtra)
Periodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Bharthi Vidhapeeth Dental College & Hospital,Pune
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
4

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Prosthodontics
10

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Periodontics
5

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Conservative Dentistry
10

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Orthodontics
10

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
10

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
10

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Prosthodontics
10

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Periodontics
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Conservative Dentistry
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Orthodontics
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

MAHARASHTRA
Nair Hospital Dental College,Dr. A.L. Nair Road,Byculla,Mumbai-400008.(Maharashtra)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
10

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Oral Pathology
3

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Orthodontics
2

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Conservative Dentistry
2

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Medical College Campus,Aurangabad – 431001 (Maharashtra)
Prosthodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Prosthodontics
3

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Pedodontics
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
10

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,1, P.D’mello Road, Fort,Mumbai-400001.(Maharashtra)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
5

MAHARASHTRA
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Nagpur – 440003.(Maharashtra)
Periodontics
2

PONDICHERY
Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Pondicherry
Prosthodontics
2

PONDICHERY
Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Pondicherry
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

PONDICHERY
Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Pondicherry
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

PUNJAB
Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Amritsar – 143001.(Punjab)
Conservative Dentistry
1

PUNJAB
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Patiala – 147001.(Punjab)
Conservative Dentistry
1

PUNJAB
Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences & ResearchAMRITSAR – 143 006.
Prosthodontics
3

PUNJAB
Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences & ResearchAMRITSAR – 143 006.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

PUNJAB
Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences & ResearchAMRITSAR – 143 006.
Conservative Dentistry
3

PUNJAB
Christian, Dental College, Ludhiana
Pedodontics
4

PUNJAB
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Patiala – 147001.(Punjab)
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
2

PUNJAB
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Patiala – 147001.(Punjab)
Orthodontics
2

PUNJAB
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Patiala – 147001.(Punjab)
Periodontics
2

PUNJAB
Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Amritsar – 143001.(Punjab)
Periodontics
2

PUNJAB
Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Amritsar – 143001.(Punjab)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

PUNJAB
Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Amritsar – 143001.(Punjab)
Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry
6

PUNJAB
Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Amritsar – 143001.(Punjab)
Prosthodontics
3

PUNJAB
Govt. Dental College & Hospital,Patiala – 147001.(Punjab)
Prosthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
V.M.S. Dental College, Salem
Orthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
2

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Periodontics
3

TAMIL NADU
Rajas Dental College, Vadakangulam – 627118
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

TAMIL NADU
Rajas Dental College, Vadakangulam – 627119
Prosthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
5

TAMIL NADU
V.M.S. Dental College, Salem
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Periodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
V.M.S. Dental College, Salem
Periodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
V.M.S. Dental College, Salem
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

TAMIL NADU
V.M.S. Dental College, Salem
Prosthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Rajas Dental College, Vadakangulam – 627120
Conservative Dentistry
2

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
6

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
7

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Conservative Dentistry
4

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
3

TAMIL NADU
Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital,Valacheri Main Road,Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Chennai.(Tamil Nadu)
Conservative Dentistry
2

TAMIL NADU
Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital,Valacheri Main Road,Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Chennai.(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital,Valacheri Main Road,Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Chennai.(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital,Valacheri Main Road,Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Chennai.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

TAMIL NADU
Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital,Valacheri Main Road,Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Chennai.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry
3

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
6

TAMIL NADU
Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed University)No. 1, Ramachandra Nagar,Porur, Chennai – 600121
Conservative Dentistry
5

TAMIL NADU
Meenakshi AmmalDental College & HospitalAlapakkam Road, Maduravoyal,Chennai – 602102.(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
5

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
2

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
6

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
2

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
8

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Conservative Dentistry
8

TAMIL NADU
Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital,Annamalai Nagar – 808002(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital,Annamalai Nagar – 808002(Tamil Nadu)
Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry
2

TAMIL NADU
Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital,Annamalai Nagar – 808002(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
5

TAMIL NADU
Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital,Annamalai Nagar – 808002(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Prosthodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Conservative Dentistry
3

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Periodontics
6

TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental CollegeOpp. Fort Railway Station,Chennai – 600003.(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
4

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Orthodontics
7

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Oral Medicine & Radiology
3

TAMIL NADU
Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital,Annamalai Nagar – 808002(Tamil Nadu)
Periodontics
2

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Conservative Dentistry
8

TAMIL NADU
Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, No. 112 Poonamallee High Road,Velappanchavadi,Chennai – 600077(Tamil Nadu)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
7

TAMIL NADU
Ragas Dental College,116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai,Chennai – 600004(Tamil Nadu)
Periodontics
6

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Periodontics
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Periodontics
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Prosthodontics
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Sardar Patel Institute of Dental &Medical Sciences,Lucknow
Conservative Dentistry
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Sardar Patel Institute of Dental &Medical Sciences,Lucknow
Prosthodontics
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
3

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Orthodontics
3

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Conservative Dentistry
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Pedodontics
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Prosthodontics
5

UTTAR PRADESH
Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005
Conservative Dentistry
1

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Pedodontia & Preventive Dentistry
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Orthodontics
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Operative Dentistry
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Periodontics
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dental College & Hospital,K.G.’s Medical College,Lucknow – 226003.
Prosthodontics
4

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Orthodontics
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital,114, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road,Calcutta – 700014.(West Bengal)
Conservative Dentistry
2

UTTAR PRADESH
Subharati Dental College,Meerut
Oral Pathology & Microbiology
2

Admission for Dental Courses in India
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

ALL INDIA

ALL INDIA PRE-MEDICAL/PRE DENTAL ENTRANCE EXAMINATION( Conducted by CBSE, New Delhi)
All India Entrance Examination is conducted usually in the month of May by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi at different centres in India for admission to 15% of total seats of Dental Courses (BDS) in the following Dental Colleges of India. Notification of this examination is given in the month of December/January and last date is in the month of February.



STATE-WISE DENTAL COLLEGES
S. No. INSTITUTE
CODE no. COLLEGE CITY STATE
1. DAS Regional Dental College Guwahati Assam
2. DB1 Dental College Patna Bihar
3. DDL Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi Delhi
4. DGO Dental College Goa Goa, Daman & Diu
5. DGU-1 Government Dental College Ahmedabad Gujarat
6. DGU-2 Government Dental College & Hospital Jamnagar Gujarat
7. DHA Rohtak Medical College Rohtak Haryana
8. DHP Government Dental College & Hospital Shimla Himachal Pradesh
9. DKA Government Dental college Bangalore Karnataka
10. DKE-1 Dental College Calicut Kerala
11. DKE-2 Dental College Trivandrum Kerala
12. DMP College of Dentistry Indore Madhya Pradesh
13. DMA-1 Government Dental College Aurangabad Maharashtra
14. DMA-2 Government Dental College Mumbai Maharashtra
15. DMA-3 Government Dental College Nagpur Maharashtra
16. DMA-4 Nair Dental College Mumbai Maharashtra
17. DOR SCB Medical College(Dental) Cuttack Orissa
18. DPO Mahatma Gandhi Dental College Pondicherry Pondicherry
19. DPU-1 Dental College Amritsar Punjab
20. DPU-2 Government Dental college and Hospital Patiala Punjab
21. DRA SMS Medical College(Dental) Jaipur Rajasthan
22. DTN Madras Dental College Chennai Tamil Nadu
23. DUP King George's Medical College Lucknow Uttar Pradesh
24. DWB-1 Dr. R Ahmed Dental College Calcutta West Bengal
25. DWB-2 North Bengal Dental College Sushrutnagar West Bengal

All-India Pre-Medical/Dental Entrance Examination conducted by Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi for 15% seats in all Medical/Dental Colleges run by the Union of India, State Government, Municipal or other local authorities except the States of Andhra Pradesh and J & K.

ELIGIBILITY CONDITIONS

AGE :
The candidate must have completed 17 years of age on or before December 31/ July 1 (as specified) of the year of admission to the Ist MBBS/BDS Course.

NATIONALITY :
The candidate must be an Indian National. Candidates belonging to Andhra Pradesh and J & K are not eligible. However , they can be considered eligible only when they give an affidavit to the effect that they are not domiciled in these states or they are not eligible to seek admission in the State Medical/Dental Colleges of Andhra Pradesh/J & K.

QUALIFICATIONS :
The Higher Secondary Examination or the Indian School Certificate Examination which is equivalent to 10+2. Higher/Senior Secondary Examination after a period of 12 years' study, the last two years of study comprising of Physics, Chemistry, Biology (which shall include practical tests in these subjects) with English at a level not less than the Core Course for English as prescribed by the NCERT after the introduction of the 10+2+3 years educational structure as recommended by the National Committee on Education.
Candidates for admission to the Medical/Dental Course must have obtained not less than 50% (40% for SC/ST/OBC) of the total marks in English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology taken together at the qualifying examinaion.
All those candidates who have appeared or are appearing at the qualifying examination and expect to pass the examination with required percentage of the total marks in aggregate are also eligible to apply and appear in the Competitive Entrance Examination.

ENTRANCE EXAMINATION :
The Examination will have one paper , consisting of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (Botony & Zoology) of 21/2 hours duration.
There will be 200 Objective Type Questions carrying a maximum of 800 marks. Each answer with correct response shall be awarded four marks. Negative marking will be adopted for incorrect responses. One mark will be deducted for each incorrect response. Answers where more than one response is given by the candidate and where the responses are not clearly marked will be treated as incorrect responses and shall be negatively marked. Answers without any response shall be awarded Zero marks.
Medium of Examination : Hindi and English.

EXAMINATION CENTRES :
Itanagar, Agartala, Port Blair, Shillong, Imphal, Panaji, Pondicherry, Patna, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Bangalore, Trivandrum, Chennai, Guwahati, Calcutta, Bhubaneshwar, Jaipur, Bhopal, Shimla, Delhi.

SELECTION :
A merit list of all successful candidates shall be prepared by the CBSE. A waiting list shall also be prepared by the Board in order of Merit. The result shall be published by the CBSE in leading Newspapers. After getting the result from the CBSE, the Directorate General Health Services shall separately prepare a Collegewise Merit List of candidates and intimate the result to various Medical/Dental Colleges/Institutions and also to each of the candidate appearing in the Merit List.

OPTION/ALLOTMENT FOR THE MEDICAL/DENTAL COLLEGES :
Candidates are not required to give any option for college/course at the time of filling up the application form or later on. The allotments will be made by personal appearance as per the selection made by the candidate from amongst the seats available at his/her rank.

HOW TO APPLY :
The Bulletin of Information containing Application Form can be had during December/January on cash payment from specified branches of Canara Bank and from Regional offices of CBSE.

LAST DATE :
The last date for receipt of Application Form by Registered post is usually in 1st or 2nd week of February.


ADMISSION IN DENTAL COLLEGES THROUGH STATE ENTRANCE EXAM


ANDHRA PRADESH

Admission to MBBS/BDS/BPharma/BAMS/BUMS/BHMS in Medical & Dental Colleges affiliated to AP University of Health Scinces, Vijayawada, is made through state level Engineering, Agriculture & Medical Common Entrance Test (EAMCET). Duration of BDS is 4 years.

RESERVATION OF SEATS :
SC 15%
ST 6%
BC 25%
Govt. of India nominees 12 seats
Women candidates 30%
Children of services/Ex-s 1%
PH, NCC, Sports person 0.25%
QUALIFICATIONS :
Pass/appeared in the Intermidiate examination (10+2) with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (including practicals).
AGE : 17 years not over 22 years (25 years for BSc/MSc degree holders and SC/ST candidates) of age as on December 31 of the year of admission.
DOMICILE :
Candidates who have resided in the state for 10 years excluding periods of study outside the state.
Candidates either of whose parents have resided in the state for 10 years.
Candidates either of whose parents/spouses of those in State/Central, Public Sector, Local Bodies, Universities employment within the State at the time of application.
SELECTION :
Admission is made through an Entrance test. The examination comprises of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Questions are of Objective-Type. The standard of the question papers is that of the Intermediate. The medium of examination is both in English and Telugu. Qualifying marks in EAMCET are 30%. Selection is made on the basis of marks obtained in the Qualifying Entrance Examination.
EXAMINATION CENTRES :
Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Guntur, Tirupati, Kurnool, Vijayawada, Warangal, Hyderabad, Anantapura, Bhimavaram, Cuddapah, Machillipatnam, Nellore, Nizamabad, Rajahmundry.
HOW TO APPLY :
The application form (for EAMCET) and the rules governing the admission can be obtained in the month of July from any State Medical College on cash payment or through Bank Draft of SBI in favour of "Secratory, APSCHE, EMACET Account, Hyderabad".


KERALA

Admission to the 1st year MBBS/BDS course in the above Medical Colleges in the State is made on the basis of a Common Entrance Examination (CEE). 15% of the total seats in the above two Dental Colleges are through All India Entrance Test conducted by CBSE, New Delhi.
RESERVATION OF SEATS :
All-India entrance 15%
SC 8%
ST 2%
SEBC 25%
Kerala State Merit 50%
Kerala Regional Merit 15%
Seats are reserved for Govt of India/Pondicherry nominees, Children of Defence Personnel killed/disabled/missing or Ex-Servicemen, OPH candidates, Degree/Diploma holders in Ayurveda and Homeopathy, Kerala origin settled in Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep, Nominees of Drugs Control Department and D.pharma holders (B.pharma), Departmental Candidates (BSc MLT).
QUALIFICATIONS :
Pre-Degree Exam of any University in Kerala or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry and Biology with 50% marks (40% for SC/ST and 45% for SEBC) in the aggregate . BSc degree holders with Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botony and Biochemistry as main and subsidiary subjects taken together with 50% marks in aggregate subject to relaxation of marks mentioned above are also eligible.
AGE :
17 years of age as on December 31 of the year of admission.
DOMICILE :
All applicants should be Indian citizens of Kerala origin.
SELECTION:
The test is of objective type consist of Biology, Chemistry and physics. Selection is on the basis of merit of obtained marks in the entrance test.
HOW TO APPLY :
Application form can be obtained from any of the above Medical Colleges in the month of April/May onward on cash payment or by money order to get forms by post. Form can also be obtained from the Commissioner for Entrance Examination, Thiruvananthapuram-695041.





TAMILNADU

Candidates seeking admission to the BDS course must appear in the TNPCEE conducted by Anna University.

ANNA UNIVERSITY
Tamil Nadu Professional Course Entrance Examinations (TNPCEE)

TNPCEE is conducted by ANNA UNIVERSITY, Madras for candidates who seek admission to professional courses in Tamil Nadu offered by
Anna University
Government Colleges, Government Aided and Private Professional Colleges coming under the Perview of the Directorate of Medical Education
Office of the Commissioner of Indian Medicine & Homeopathy
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Sciences University for free seats and payment seats
The candidates selected under the payment seat category have to pay higher tution fees than the candidates selected under the free seat category. Both free seats and payment seats will be filled by the Government of Tamil Nadu. These Entrance Examinations are applicable to candidates belonging to Tamil Nadu or those who satisfy the nativity/domicile requirements specified for admission to the Professional Courses by the respective admitting authorities.
Other State Candidates are not admitted through TNPCEE to Professional Courses offered by the Directorate of Medical Education; the Office of the Commissioner of Indian Medicine & Homeopathy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, other State Candidates will not be permitted to appear in the Entrance Examinations for admission to those courses.

RESERVATION OF SEATS :
PH 3.
Widows 10.
Children born of inter-caste marriage between SC/ST and Forward/Backward Areas 12.
Orphans 5.
Tamil Language 6.
Sports 3.
Children of Ex/deceased/serving Defence Personnel of TN origin 6.
Children of Freedom Fighters 3.
Deserted Women 5.
Candidate of TN origin settled in Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.
QUALIFICATIONS :
12 years Higher Secondary (Academic) or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Botony & Zoology) taken together securing 60% marks in each subject and 70% (140 out of 200) aggregate marks. BC/SC & ST candidates securing 55-60 % and 40% marks in each Science subject are also eligible for admission.
AGE :
Below 21 years on July1 (24 years for SC/ST) of the year of admission.
DOMICILE :
Candidates whose parents have permanent residence in the State are eligible.
Exemptions : Candidates who have studied from Class 9th to Qualifying Examination in the State; Children of Defence Personnel of TN origin who have passed 10th exam from the State.
SELECTION :
Admission will be made on the basis of the performance of the candidates in the Qualifying Examination (Higher Secondary Course or equivalent) and in the TNPCEE in the ratio 200:100. The Entrance Examination is conducted in the last week of June. It comprises of papers - Mathematics, Biology and Physical Sciences (Physics & Chemistry). The candidates have to appear for either two or all the three papers of the Entrance Examination corresponding to the courses to which they seek admission.
HOW TO APPLY :
Prospectus cum Application Form for TNPCEE can be obtained in the month of January/February from the specified Government colleges on Payment. Forms may be obtained from the Secretary TNPCEE, Anna University, Chennai-25

NOTE : Candidates who have appeared for the Entrance Examination conducted by Anna University (TNPCEE) have to apply separately for admission to MBBS/BDS/B Pharmacy/BSc Nursing/BPT/ BOT/BHMS/BAMS - Degree Courses in Government/Self Financing (Private) Medical/Dental/Para Medical Institutions in the state of Tamil Nadu. The seats in the Medical, Dental and Para Mdical Courses are grouped into the following categories :
GOVERNMENT COLLEGES ( The seats in the government medical, Dental and Para Medical Institutions includingthe seats reserved for Special Categories are all FREE SEATS.)
SELF FINANCING COLLEGES - FREE SEATS (50% of seats known as Front Seats in the Self Financing Medical/Dental/Para Medical Colleges.)
SELF FINANCING COLLEGES - PAYMENT SEATS (40% of seats known as payment seats in the Self Financing Medical/Dental/Para Medical Colleges.)
SELF FINANCING COLLEGES - NRI SEATS (10% of seats known as NRI seats in the Self Financing Colleges.)
All applications for admission against seats under Categories I, II, III including Special categories should be made in the printed form prescribed by the Directorate of Medical Education. Applications for Admissions against Category IV should be made directly to the management of Self Financing Institutions.
The candidate should submit written requisitions to the Deans/Principals of the specified Government Institutions requesting for Prospectus and Application Form for each course separately enclosing a crossed Bank Draft drawn in favour of Secretary, Selection Committee, Kilpauk, Chennai-10.


KARNATAKA

COMMON ENTRANCE TEST (CET) at State lavel is conducted for admission of Karnataka Students to free and payment seats in various Medical Colleges.
These free and payment seats are shared between the managements and the State Government. The payment seats are further sub-divided into Karnataka Quota and Non-Karnataka Quota.
All the free seats in all types of colleges excluding Minority Institutions shall fall to the share of State Government and the Management. Of all the payment seats in respect of Private Colleges, 35% is of State Govt and remaining 15% fall to the share of Managements as NRI's seats. In respect of Minority Institutions 25% is of the State Govt., 15% of the Managements and remaining 10% as NRI's seats. Admission is completely regulated through CET (common entrance test).
RESERVATION OF SEATS :
There is a provision for reservation of seats for SC/ST/BC, Govt.of India nominees, children of defence/ex-defence & killed in action/disabled candidates. Sport personnels, NCC, political sufferers, freedom fighters, physical handicapped, diploma holders, Anglo Indians, Parsi community, Horanadu and Gadinadu Kannadigas.

QUALIFICATIONS :
For Medical/Dental courses the candidates should have passed Karnataka PUC-2 or equivalent with optionals of Physics, Chemistry and Biology with English as one of the languages of study and with at least 50% marks in scince subjects together (40% for SC/ST).
AGE :
For admission to MBBS /BDS courses the candidates should be 17 years of age as on December 31 of the year of admission.
ELIGIBILITY FOR KARNATAKA QUOTA :
Seven full academic years of study in Karnataka before/between 1st Standard and Qualifying Examination. Certain categories have domicile exemptions mentioned in the Information Brochure. A student who doesn't satisfy any of the conditions laid down for Karnataka Quota seats will have the oppurtunity of availing a seat under Non-Karnataka Quota.
SELECTION :
Admission is made on the basis of Common Entrance Test.
There is no restriction of study in Karnataka on payment seats.
HOW TO APPLY :
Application Forms and Information Brochure for CET are available in the month of April/May from the Principal of the Colleges or specified branches of Canara Bank on payment or by post by sending DD in favour of Special Officers, CET Cell, Bangalore. Completed applications with photograph, necessary documents, etc. should be submitted to the Nodal Centres located in the same District from which the candidates have passed PUC-2/equivalent exam. in Karnataka. Other candidates can register their names in any of the specified Nodal Centres. Completed applications are not recieved by post at the centres.
NOTE: -
For more details candidates may contact the Special Officer, Common Entrance Test Cell, S.J.M. Samudaya Bhawan, 1 Main Road, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009.

Gene therapy generates bone for dental implants
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

A research team at the University of Michigan has discovered that they can generate new bone around dental implants using a growth factor protein. Replacing a tooth for a major mouth wound requires underlying bone structure, which today involves taking a bone graft from a patients body, or using donated bone from a tissue bank. The new genetic therapy could make it unnecessary to do either.


A University of Michigan research team has found that introducing a growth factor protein into a mouth wound using gene therapy helped generate bone around dental implants, according to a new paper in the February issue of the journal Molecular Therapy.
In a patient with a sizeable mouth wound, replacing a tooth takes more than simply implanting a new one---the patient also needs the bone structure to anchor the new tooth in place.
Such reconstructive surgery today involves either taking a bone graft from the patient's chin or jaw, which leaves a second wound needing to heal, or using donated bone from a tissue bank, which yields unpredictable results.
William Giannobile, professor of periodontics, prevention and geriatrics, led a team at the U-M School of Dentistry that delivered the gene encoding for bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) to large bone defects in rats in an attempt to turn on the body's own bone growth mechanisms.
The study showed that animals that got the BMP-7 treatment produced nearly 50 percent more supporting bone around dental implants than those receiving the conventional treatment.
BMP-7 is part of a family of proteins that regulates cartilage and bone formation.
Giannobile said using a virus, with the harmful effects turned off, harnesses the virus' ability to enter into cells and use their genetic machinery.
The gene acted quickly to get bone growth started, then disappeared within about 28 days.
Giannobile said a next step in this process could include looking for non-viral approaches to delivering gene therapy to the defect site.

Children's Teeth....Doubts and Answers
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Children's teeth

How can I prevent tooth decay in my child?
The main cause of tooth decay is not the amount of sugar in the diet, but how often it is eaten or drunk. The more often your child has sugary foods or drinks, the more likely they are to have decay. It is therefore important to keep sugary foods to mealtimes only. If you want to give your child a snack, try to stick to cheese, vegetables and fruit, but not dried fruit.

It is also worth remembering that some processed baby foods contain quite a lot of sugar. Try checking the list of ingredients: the higher up the list sugar is, the more there is in the product. Thorough brushing twice a day, particularly last thing at night, will help to prevent tooth decay.



When should I take my child to the dentist?
It is recommended that children should go to the dentist with their parents as soon as possible. You should then take them regularly, on average once every 6 months. This will let them get used to the noises, smells and surroundings and prepare them for future visits. The earlier these visits begin, the more relaxed the children will be.



How should I clean my child’s teeth?
Cleaning your child’s teeth should be part of their daily hygiene routine.
· You may find it easier to stand or sit behind your child, cradling their chin in your hand so you can reach their top and bottom teeth more easily.
· When the first teeth start to come through, try using a children’s toothbrush with a small smear of toothpaste.
· It is important to supervise your child’s brushing until they are at least seven.
· Once all the teeth have come through, use a small-headed soft toothbrush in small circular movements and try to concentrate on one section at a time.
· Don’t forget to brush gently behind the teeth and onto the gums.
· If possible make tooth brushing a routine – preferably in the morning, and last thing before your child goes to bed. · Remember to encourage your child, as praise will often get results!




When will my child’s teeth come through?
First or ‘baby’ teeth have usually developed before your child is born and will start to come through at around 6 months. All 20 baby teeth should be through by the age of 2.

The first permanent molars (back teeth) will appear at about 6 years of age, behind the baby teeth and before the first teeth start to fall out at about 6 to 7. The permanent ‘adult’ teeth will then replace the ‘baby’ teeth. It is usually the lower front teeth that are lost first, followed by the upper front teeth shortly after. All permanent teeth should be in place by the age of 13, except the wisdom teeth. These may erupt any time between 18 and 25 years of age.

All children are different and develop at different rates. The diagram below gives an idea of when the permanent teeth come through.



Should I use fluoride toothpaste?
Fluoride comes from a number of different sources including toothpaste, specific fluoride applications and perhaps the drinking water in your area. These can all help to prevent tooth decay. If you are unsure about using fluoride toothpaste ask your dentist, health visitor or Primary Care Trust.

You can get low-fluoride toothpastes, and the general rule is to use a small smear of toothpaste up to 5 years; from 5 to 7 use slightly less than a pea size and a normal pea size from 7 upwards. Children should be supervised up to the age of 7, and you should make sure that they spit out the toothpaste and don’t swallow any if possible.



What sort of brush should I use?
There are many different types of children’s toothbrushes available, including brightly coloured brushes, some of which change colour, those with favourite characters on the handles, and some with timers. These all encourage children to brush their teeth. The most important point is to use a small-headed toothbrush with soft, nylon bristles, suitable for the age of your child.

If in doubt, look for the British Dental Health Foundation symbol on toothbrush and toothpaste packaging. This logo means that the product claims made on the pack are supported by scientific testing.



What could cause my child to have toothache?
Toothache is painful and upsetting, especially in children, and the main cause is still tooth decay. This is due to too much sugar, too often, in the diet.

Teething is another problem which starts at around 6 months and can continue as all the adult teeth start to come through. If your child needs pain relief, make sure you choose a sugar-free medicine and also remember to check with the doctor or pharmacist that you are being prescribed sugar-free medicines at all times. If the pain continues then contact your dentist for an appointment.



What if my child is very nervous about going to the dentist?
Children can sense fear in their parents, so it is important not to let your child feel that a visit to the dentist is something to be worried about. Try to be supportive if your child needs to have any dental treatment. If you have any fears of your own about going to the dentist, don’t discuss them in front of your child.

Regular visits to the dentist are essential in helping your child to get used to the surroundings and what goes on there. A child can be much more anxious if it is their first visit to a dental practice. Pain and distress can happen at any time and it is important to prepare your child with regular visits.

Fluoride use in dentistry may be unethical, Australian scientist .
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Fluoride use in dentistry may be unethical, Australian scientist says; chemical regarded as toxic across Europe
An Australian scientist says fluoride's use in dentistry may be unethical. The expert notes that across Europe, many health care officials regard fluoride as a serious toxin and have discontinued its use in many public water supplies. He laments that the chemical remains in heavy use among Australian dentists, and says that government officials are reluctant to ban it. The use of fluorides in dental public health is an example of a class of chronically toxic chemicals that escapes the usual regulatory and assessment processes, avoids the fundamental principle of toxicology (namely to protect those at greatest risk) and violates medical ethics.

In six countries - USA, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Singapore and Columbia - more than 50 per cent of the population is exposed to drinking water fluoridated artificially to about 1 ppm (1 mg fluoride per litre of water) by public health authorities.
Depending upon the quantity of tap water ingested both directly and indirectly through food processed with fluoridated water, this results in daily fluoride doses approximately in the range 1.5-6.5 mg.
The first of these is the principle of informed consent to medication.
Contrary to the false impression created by some health and dental authorities, there is no scientific evidence supporting the notion that fluoride at a daily dose of several milligrams per day is a nutrient - indeed, there many communities around the world with much lower fluoride intakes who have excellent teeth.

In Australia, NSW Health, Vic Health and the Australian Dental Association have also refused to debate Professor Connett and other scientists who are opponents of fluoridation.

Whitening your Teeth
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

What are your options for teeth whitening?

There are many options for teeth whitening that range in price from a few hundreds of rupees to thousands of rupees. Some are over-the-counter products that you can buy at a pharmacy and some are products and services only available through a dentist. So what are the options and which ones really work?

Whitening teeth professionally

BriteSmile is one of the largest and most advanced teeth whitening clinics in the world. They have clinics in most US cities and almost every large international city. BriteSmile offers a tooth whitening service that takes about one hour and will make your teeth over 9 shades whiter (whitening toothpaste will only give you about 1-2 shades after 30 days of regular use). The treatment uses a chemical treatment on your teeth in combination with a light treatment to speed up the whitening process. The results of the treatment should last for years.

Most dentist will bleach your teeth using trays that are custom fitted to your teeth and that are filled with a professional grade whitening gel (usually a peroxide). You can also visit a cosmetic dentist, who will be more specialized in this area and sometimes offer whitening of teeth with laser, which is much faster. Professionally whitening your teeth can be very expensive with prices ranging from $400-$1200, but will be effective. If you dentist uses the whitening gel, you will have to wear the tray every night for about 5-12 days. If your teeth are in really bad condition there are simple surface cleanings that the dentist can do without the whitening gel that will make a large difference.

With advances in whitening of teeth, there are many over-the-counter at home whitening kits, which are almost as effective as what you would get from your dentist. Of course, it may still be worth visiting your dentist to determine whether bleaching your teeth could cause other problems or if you need an uneven treatment because some teeth are whiter than others. They may also have non-chemical solutions for your particular stains, which would be gentler for your teeth.

Over-the counter teeth whitening

Most major brands of toothpaste today, including Crest, Colgate, Rembrandt and Aquafresh, offer whitening versions of their toothpaste. Their products have all been approved by the American Dental Association (ADA) which has clear standards for safety and effectiveness. If the product carries the ADA seal, you know that it will the product was tested and will not be harmful to your teeth or the soft tissue in your mouth and will whiten your teeth.

Many of the same companies that produce toothpaste have now released other teeth whitening products, including whitening gels and whitening strips. Crest seems to the the most advanced in the area with a tooth whitening gel called Night Effects and tooth whitening strips called Whitestrips. The whitening gel is a product you put on your teeth after brushing, let dry and leave on your teeth overnight. The whole process takes 14 days. The Whitestrip are placed on your teeth directly for 30 minutes twice a day. It can take as little as three days to notice a difference in the color of your teeth, but the whole whitening process usually takes about 7 days.

Predict tooth cavities by Spit test
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

By Michelle Roberts
BBC News health reporter, in Washington DC


Some people are more prone to cavities
A simple saliva test could predict how many cavities a person is likely to develop in a lifetime, say scientists.

By analysing proteins within saliva, the Southern California University team was able to predict the number of cavities a person had.

The test can also spot which teeth are most prone to decay.

Dentists might eventually be able to test children and apply protective tooth coatings before disease occurs, the researchers said.

Details of the research were given at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) held this year in Washington DC.

From birth

Professor Paul Denny's team found that certain patterns of saliva proteins were linked with a high risk of developing cavities.

From these patterns, they believe they can predict a child's future chance of getting a cavity with greater than 98% confidence.

A version of the test may be included in a well baby check-up

Professor Paul Denny

But the test should not be seen as a replacement for seeing a dentist and going for regular check-ups, stressed Professor Denny.

Instead, it should help dentists devise individual prevention plans to keep even the most cavity-prone children decay-free.

"A version of the test may be included in a well baby check-up to provide early information on what the future oral health care needs of that child might be," said Professor Denny.

He said it might also be useful as a screening test to prioritise treatments in regions where access to dental care was limited.

He said testing saliva was attractive to patients and doctors because it did not require needles, was easy to collect and was in abundance. The average adult produces a litre a day.

Body's barometer

Saliva contains many of the proteins and molecules that blood and urine do, so it is a good barometer of what is going on inside the body, he said.

Scientists at the University of California are already devising a saliva test for certain head and neck cancers using the same principle.

There were also saliva tests for HIV, alcohol and some of the more commonly abused drugs, experts attending the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting said.

Professor David Wong, from the University of California-Los Angeles, said: "We will have a catalogue of the normal human salivary proteins in about two years."

Professor Denny said once this was known, it might be possible to devise a saliva "wellness" test that people could buy and use regularly as part of a health check-up.

Oral Cancer High in india
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Oral cancer represents approximately 3% of all cancers. This, however, translates to 30,000 new cases every year in the United States. The single greatest risk factor is tobacco. While cases of oral cancers are seen in patients who do not use tobacco, these constitute a very small percentage of all oral cancers. All forms of tobacco have been implicated as causative agents including cigarette, cigar, and pipe tobacco as well as chewing tobacco.

In India and Sri Lanka, where chewing tobacco is used with betel nuts and reverse smoking (placing the lit end in the mouth) is practiced, there is a striking incidence of oral cancer- these cases account for as many as 50% of all cancers! Heavy alcohol usage is an additional causative factor. Lip cancer, while included in statistics for oral cancer, is more similar to skin cancers. Sun exposure is the primary cause of these, while pipe smoking is also a factor.

Cancers of the mouth present in various forms. Any persistent white patch must be regarded as being suspicious. Additionally, velvety red patches- particularly those with white speckles- should be areas of concern. Finally, any non-healing ulcer (erosion) merits evaluation. More often than not, these areas are painless.

The tongue is the most common site of oral cancer. Typically, the side of the tongue (farthest back in the mouth) is involved. The floor of the mouth (that area beneath the tongue) is next in order of frequency followed by the insides of the cheeks with involvement of other areas showing a lesser incidence.

While self-examination is advised, some areas cannot be adequately viewed and, of course, there is no substitute for examination by a professional. The best method for detection is to be sure to have semi-annual check-ups by your dentist. Should an area of concern appear in between these appointments, arrangements should be made for examination. If your dentist has any concern or question, he or she will refer you to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon for evaluation and possible biopsy. Biopsy is a quick office procedure which allows the surgeon to take a sample of the tissue in the area of concern for examination under a microscope.

Certainly, it is best to err on the side of caution. However, one should not be unduly alarmed by every white area in the mouth nor by every ulcer since there can be a multitude of harmless causes.

As with any other cancer, treatment of oral cancer is best undertaken at the earliest stage. This maximizes chances of successful treatment. Smaller areas may be treated by radiation or surgery while larger areas will often necessitate combined therapy. Prevention, of course, is the best approach and can best be achieved by avoiding risk factors- refraining from all tobacco products and consuming alcohol in moderation.

Teeth, face and feet: The new dental experience
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Finally there's a reason to smile at the dentist's: A patient relaxes after a foot massage given during a dental procedure.

Say the word "spa" and most of us think "relaxation". Say the word "dentist" and at least one in every seven Americans will think words like "anxiety", "pain", and "fear".

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, fewer than two-thirds of adult Americans reported visiting a dentist during the past 12 months.

Another widely reported factoid suggests only half of the American population gets regular dental care. So some dentists are changing their practices to make the dental experience a more relaxing one for more people.

Spa techniques like reflexology --strategic foot massage -- can help relax anxious dental patients. It's a technique used by New York City dentist Dr. Paul Tanners in his practice.

Tanners insists his dental suite on tony Madison Avenue is not a dental spa. "No lemon slices on eyelids here," he quips.

But he does provide patients with the luxury of having their soles pampered during their dental work.

"You know you're having your having dentistry done, you don't forget for a second, but you kinda focus on your feet," says Tanners of his patients.

The last time Gary Weinstein visited Dr. Tanners' office, he stayed in the dentist's chair for an extra 20 minutes -- even though the dentist was finished working on him.

Why? Weinstein says blame it on the reflexology.

"Its not a bad thing when they sit down and they start massaging your feet, and your legs and your arms," he says, a dreamy look on his face.

Dental Phobia..Some Facts and Remedies
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Dental techniques have improved so much over the last few years, that modern dental treatment can now be completely painless. Despite this, most people still feel a little nervous at the thought of going to the dentist.

If you have not been to see a dentist for some time, you will probably find that things have improved a lot since your last visit. The general attitude is likely to be more relaxed, the dental techniques and safety procedures will be much better, and the equipment will be more up to date.

Why am I afraid of the dentist?
Being ‘afraid of the dentist’ may mean different things to different people. It will probably help if you work out just what it is that worries you most.

Some people have specific fears about actual areas of treatment – for example, they are scared that having a filling will hurt. Others hate the whole idea. Some people don’t like the thought of being out of control, and others worry about being treated as though they were on a production line.

Some people find the sounds and smells bring back memories of bad experiences as a child. Others worry about stories they have heard about other people’s bad experiences.

A smaller number of people are genuinely afraid of dental treatment. The good news is that more and more dentists now understand their patients’ fears, and with a combination of kindness and gentleness can do a great deal to make dental treatment an acceptable, normal part of life.

And nearly everyone would feel a lot better about dentistry if they knew for certain that they would always be treated kindly and considerately.


How do I choose a dentist?
The first fear to deal with is the fear of admitting to other people that you are afraid of dental treatment. If you can discuss it with your friends or colleagues you are likely to find someone else who has similar problems, and who may be able to recommend a dentist to you. A dentist who is personally recommended by another nervous person is usually a very good choice.


Often people find their fears change. After finally finding a dentist they like, they may still dislike dentists in general, but they have complete confidence in their ‘own’ dentist.


I haven’t been to the dentist in a long time – will I need a lot of treatment?
Years ago it was normal for people to need fillings every time they went to their dentist, but things have changed for the better now. Fluoride toothpastes have made a large impact on tooth decay and you may be surprised at how little treatment you need.

The aim now is for healthy mouths that stay healthy. Teeth are for life and can last a lifetime if they are looked after properly. If you can get your mouth into good shape, with the help of the dentist and dental hygienist, you should need less treatment and there will be less for the dentist to do in the future.

Using a fluoride toothpaste will help to strengthen your teeth and prevent decay. Look for products carrying the British Dental Health Foundation logo on the packet. These products have been clinically and scientifically tested, and a panel of dental experts have decided whether the packaging claims are correct before awarding their accreditation badge.

It is important to keep up your regular visits to the dentist, not only to monitor tooth decay, but also to help prevent gum disease. Once your mouth is healthy, your visits to the practice will often just be easy sessions for checking and cleaning.


How do I start going to the dentist if I am nervous?
It may be helpful for you to see the practice before you arrange an appointment. Call in to speak to the receptionist, and see what the atmosphere is like. Do the other people there look cheerful and happy? Does it give you a feeling of confidence? Perhaps you could meet the dentist and have a look around the practice as a visitor.


What will happen at the first appointment?
Your first appointment should just be for a consultation. See it as an opportunity for you to ‘interview’ the dentist, receptionist and dental nurse. Is the receptionist welcoming and helpful? Is the dentist interested in you? Is the nurse kind and understanding?

If you like what you see and hear, you may want to arrange another appointment for a short treatment session, perhaps with the hygienist. Allow yourself to take things at your own speed, and don’t be pressured into anything you are not happy about.


What type of treatment should I choose?
Most dentists today offer some form of treatment for nervous patients, whether they work in the National Health Service or privately. The NHS covers most treatments necessary to treat nervous patients. The main advantage of private practice is that more time can be spent with you to help you feel relaxed.



Should I tell the dental team that I am nervous?
Make sure that the practice knows you are nervous, so that they can help you.

Tell the receptionist when you first make the appointment so that she can make a note on your records. Tell your dentist what it is that you particularly dislike about dental treatment. If you think you know the reason, tell your dentist what may have caused your fear. Was it a bad experience as a child? A recent dental experience? Or is it a more general feeling of worry and fear?



I am afraid of injections – what can I do?
Many people are scared of the local anaesthetic injection needed to numb the tooth. Again, be sure to tell the dentist that this is something that bothers you. There are anaesthetic gels that can be applied to the area of the gum to be injected. This gel numbs the gum so that you cannot feel the needle.



What is the best time of day to visit the dentist?
Book appointments at a time of day when you feel at your best, and when you do not have any other commitments to worry about. Allow plenty of time so that you can get to the practice in a relaxed frame of mind – arriving in a rush will only make you feel more nervous.



Should I eat before going to the dentist?
It is usually best to have something to eat before you go, so there is no chance of you feeling faint while you are in the chair. If you are going to have a treatment, where you cannot eat beforehand, the dentist or nurse will give you full instructions.



Can I take a friend with me?
People often feel better if a friend comes with them to the practice. Think about what would suit you best. A reassuring and capable friend is often a great help.



I have gone for a check-up, what do I do next?
Take things one step at a time. Discuss any proposed treatment with your dentist, and decide what you feel you can cope with. This may be no more than an examination with a dental mirror first. If you succeed with that, you may feel you could have your teeth polished next, probably by the dental hygienist. Don’t be afraid to say when you have had enough - there is usually no reason to hurry through the dental treatment.



Can I take anything with me?
Listening to music is a good way to help you relax. Some practices have it playing in the treatment rooms, but the best way is to take a personal stereo so that you can have your own choice of music. In this way you can concentrate on your music – or anything else you like to listen to – and will not hear the sounds of the treatment. You will be able to distance yourself from the dental treatment as the sounds in your ears take all your attention.



What else can I do to help me relax during treatment?
Thinking hard about something other than the treatment is a good distraction. Try to solve a puzzle in your mind, or perhaps work out a plan for each day of next year’s holiday. Or give yourself something tricky to do - try to wiggle each toe in turn, without moving any of the others.



How can the dental team help me?
Your dentist should be happy to both talk to you and listen to you. Just talking about your fears can help lessen them. He or she should tell you what treatment you need, why you need it and what the fee will be.



Can I ask the dentist to stop if I need to?
Agree with your dentist a sign that means ‘stop now - I need a break’ before the treatment is started. Usually you can just raise your hand, and the treatment can be stopped for a few minutes until you are ready to start again. Once you know that you can control the situation you will feel more confident.



How can I feel more comfortable about treatment?
Is there some way that the dentist or assistant could help you during the treatment? Would you like them to talk to you, have background music playing, or describe exactly what they are doing while they are working? Let them know what would help to distract you.



How can I reduce the amount of treatment needed?
Your dentist and hygienist can work with you and tell you what to do to keep your mouth healthy. The healthier your mouth is, the less treatment you will need in the future.

You will probably be given advice about ways your diet can safeguard your teeth and gums, and the best way of brushing and flossing. Looking after your teeth at home can be the most important part of all.



What other techniques are available to help?
Let the practice manager or the dentist tell you about the relaxation or sedation techniques that the practice may offer. There are various methods available, and it will depend which methods the practice is experienced with and which you feel would help you most. Relaxation techniques can often be learned from specialist teachers or at home and can be very useful in controlling anxiety.
Many practices offer several types of sedation, including inhalation (‘gas and air’) and intravenous (by injection).

Other practices offer hypnosis and relaxation techniques. You would learn these techniques, which would allow you to gain control over your feelings of distress or fear.

Counselling is another way of dealing with feelings of anxiety. This is usually carried out by a member of the practice team, in a room away from the surgery. You would be encouraged to discuss your fears so that they may be dealt with and overcome.

What about sedation?
Patients who feel they need some extra help can be given a sedative medication, often called intravenous sedation or IV. This makes them feel sleepy and very relaxed. Treatment with this type of sedation often works well, particularly for long treatment sessions, as you are very relaxed but still awake.

Will I still know what is happening?
Your dentist can still talk to you, but time passes more quickly and you are usually unaware of the treatment being carried out. Because the sedative takes some hours to completely wear off, you must have someone to help you get home and to keep a careful eye on you for some time afterwards.

Can I go to sleep for treatment?
General anaesthetics are now not generally available for routine treatment. When a general anaesthetic is needed, patients are referred to hospitals or specialist clinics where the necessary safety equipment is available.


Will things get better with time?
As you get to know and trust your dentist, hygienist and other members of the practice you will find your fears begin to lessen. In time you will gain control over your fears, and dental care can become a normal part of your life.

What will it cost me?
The charge will be the same as for normal treatment, but if you are having sedation there will be an extra charge. It is always recommended that you get a written estimate before starting treatment.

Floss your way to healthy smile
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Flossing is an essential part of the tooth-cleaning process because it breaks up and removes plaque from between teeth and at the gumline, where periodontal disease often begins. Flossing has many health benefits.

If you find using floss awkward or difficult, ask your dentist, hygienist or dental assistant about the variety of dental floss holders or interdental cleaning devices that are available.

Did you know that without flossing, 40% of the surfaces of your teeth are NEVER clean?

Flossing Technique
Wind 18" of floss around middle fingers of each hand. Pinch floss between thumbs and index fingers, leaving a 1"- 2" length in between. Use thumbs to direct floss between upper teeth.

Keep a 1" - 2" length of floss taut between fingers. Use index fingers to guide floss between contacts of the lower teeth.

Gently guide floss between the teeth by using a zig-zag motion. DO NOT SNAP FLOSS BETWEEN YOUR TEETH. Contour floss around the side of the tooth.

Slide floss up and down against the tooth surface and under the gumline. Floss each tooth thoroughly with a clean section of floss.

Don't be discouraged with your first attempts at flossing, you will improve with time and practice :-) Your gums may bleed and be sore the first few days that you floss however they will heal and stop bleeding in a couple of days once the bacteria are removed.

Is it safe to use toothpicks?
In a pinch, toothpicks are effective at removing food between teeth, but for daily cleaning of plaque between teeth, floss is recommended. Toothpicks come round and flat, narrow and thick. When you use a toothpick, don't press too hard as you can break off the end and lodge it in your gums.

Tooth Jewelry - The New fashion Statement
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

Cochin, Kerala: Placing a small sparkling stone or diamond on the front tooth is becoming a fashion trend among the new generations. This trend started in the west a couple of years back and has reached our shores atlast. Dentists say they are getting more and more enquiries from the college going students and young ladies about tooth jewellery expecially in the cities of the state. It is already a trend in Cities like Banglore, Mumbai and Chennai.

The use of "tooth jewelry" can be placed on a tooth without cutting into the natural tooth structure. Costume "diamonds" or real diamonds can be placed on the tooth surface. The cut glass of costume diamonds have a flat base and a real diamond needs to be wide and flat NOT tall.

Add a sparkle to your smile!
Your dentist can become your personal
Jeweler of Your Mouth

Longetivity

This finished product will last for about two to four years! It is important, that you the patient, know that this procedure is not permanent.

Removal

When the "phase" is over, simply polish off the composite in the exact same way brackets are removed.

Know more about Tooth Decay..
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

What causes tooth decay?

It occurs when your teeth are frequently exposed to foods containing carbohydrates such as starches and sugars like soda pop, candy, cake and even sticky fruits.
Cavities have been identified as a bacterial infection caused by specific bacterial. Bacteria inhabit the plaque and form up to 500 different products including acid Plaque interacts with food deposits on your teeth to produce acid that will slowly dissolve the calcium in your teeth, the surface of the tooth..."enamel" is 97% calcium, causing tooth decay and some of the other products cause gum disease and bad breath.. The bacteria that causes decay is know as Streptococcus mutans. Because the acidic plaque rests against the tooth, the acid dissolves the calcium molecules from the tooth surface. When enough calcium dissolves from the tooth surfaces, the surface breaks and forms a hole. That is how cavities form. An active lesion demineralizes the tooth and can be diagnosed based upon color, surface texture and x-rays. White spots can be active lesions if they are not glossy, and feel rough to the explorer placed parallel to the tooth.

An area of decay may take as long as 6-8 years or as short as 6 months to dissolve the outer layer (enamel) of the tooth. If you have a "cavity" this outer layer has collapsed producing a hole that cannot repair itself

How to make a cavity:



Click above to see decay process

Don't brush or floss so bacteria can make acid which causes calcium loss from the enamel of your teeth

Eat foods with sugar between meals which produces acid for 20 minutes. Just think of the bacteria count of your mouth after three meals, that can equal 60 minutes of acid production a day! Try drinking three pops and 3 cups of coffee/tea with sugar between those meal and you will have 180 min of acid production

Don't drink water with fluoride or use any dental products with fluoride

Snack on foods and drinks high sugar and acid to feed the bacteria in your mouth and decrease your saliva production

Smoke a pack of cigarettes a day

Who gets cavities?

We are all at risk because of the bacteria in our mouths. But people who eat diets high in sugar, drink unfluoridated water, have dry mouths, take different medications; who have a lot of fillings and who don't brush often are more at risk for cavities. However, children and senior citizens are the highest risk group for cavities. Decay that is unique to adults are:

Root cavities-As you age, your gums can recede, leaving parts of your tooth root exposed. Since there is no enamel covering your tooth roots, these exposed areas easily decay. Most people over 60 have root cavities as a result of gum disease
Repeated decay around existing fillings-Decay can form around existing fillings and crowns. This is because these areas are not as smooth as a natural tooth surface and can decay easier.
Cavities from dry mouth-dry mouth is a present due to a decrease in saliva.

Cavity Formation Signs and Symptoms Self-Test

The following questions, if answered yes, may signify that you have or may be at risk of dental decay (cavities). You should see your dentist as soon as possible to evaluate any dental problems:

Do you have sensitivity to sudden temperature changes of foods or
liquids (i.e., hot and cold)?
Do you often have an unpleasant, foul taste that includes bad
breath?
Do you notice any discoloration or darkening in your teeth especially between your teeth, on the biting surfaces of your teeth or at the gum line of your teeth?
Do you notice some level of discomfort in a tooth or teeth during
or after you eat sweets?
Do you have poor nutrition?
Do you have poor oral hygiene habits?
Do you eat junk foods and snack often?

FILLINGS DO NOT CURE DECAY!
Fillings only remove the results of the acid attack (decay).

It is up to you to CHANGE YOUR LIFE STYLE by:

Keeping plaque off your teeth through cleaning twice a day for two minutes or longer and flossing

Reducing your frequency of sugar intake, see Sugar and Dental Health and avoid sugar between meals in tea, coffee, pop, foods-just read the food label to find out. It is not the quantity but the frequency that leads to decay. Sugar with meals is ok.

Use mouth rinses with fluoride

If you take a medication that has sugar in it, ask to be given this medicine in a sugar free form

Chew sugar-free gum containing Xylitol, a sugar substitute 3-5 times a day, (if you do not have TMD problems) which helps to remineralize tooth structure. Gum chewing increases saliva production. Saliva acts as a buffer and remineralizing agent.
Because caries is a transmittable disease, toothbrushes should never be shared

See your dentist every six months for checkups (to caught cavities while they are small) and necessary cleanings

If you notice white spots, tooth discoloration or cavities make an appointment today.

Use special fluoride gels, varnish or fluoride supplements

What can your dentist do to help you avoid cavities:

Sealants...are for all ages! They are a plastic "coat" placed on the surface of a tooth to "seal" out decay. You must see your dentist twice a year to check the sealants to make sure they have not chipped or "leaked"

Provide you with oral hygiene instructions: tooth brushing and flossing and dental diet suggestions

Have x-rays taken to check for tooth decay in and between teeth to stop them while they are small in order to save your tooth structure

Chlorhexidine rinse for two weeks to kill the bacteria that cause decay

Clean decay and fill any cavities that exist because they are a good source of bacterial infection!

Smooth edges and repair gaps in existing fillings that could be areas for bacteria to grow

Low Dental Hygiene in India - DCI Survey
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

More than 60 per cent of the population under 15 years suffer from tooth decay and gum diseases, according to a national oral health survey.

The survey, conducted by the Dental Council of India (DCI), says dental caries is prevalent in 63.1 per cent of 15 year olds and in 80.2 per cent of adults in the 35-44 age group.

Periodontal diseases, on the other hand, affect 67.7 per cent of 15 year olds and as much as 89.6 per cent of the adults, the survey notes.

Presenting the findings here yesterday, DCI President Dr R K Bali said more than half of the country's population still did not have access to modern dental care.

The problem, he said, was compounded by a critically low dentist-population ratio.

According to WHO recommendation, there should be at least one dentist for every 7,500 population.

''However, the ratio in India is 1:36,538 in cities and 1:250,000 in rural areas.... This limits the curative approach to tackle dental problems,'' he said.

To create oral health awareness, the Indian Dental Association and Colgate are jointly organising a 'Oral Health Programmes'.

The campaign-- Healthy Smiles for Life-- focuses on the hidden threats to oral health such as gum diseases, cavities and cancer.

Special Edu Fest carnivals, on-pack oral care messages and television advertising will be used for the campaign.

Causes and Prevention of Bad Breath
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

What Causes Bad Breath?

Most of the time (85%-90%) bad breath originates in the mouth. It is caused by bacteria in our mouth. This bacteria is breaking down food debris which creates by-products called volatile sulfur compounds (methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide) which emit a smell similar to rotten eggs. Because this bacteria needs an environment free of oxygen, they will live in areas that are difficult to reach-such as pockets around teeth; the grooves in the tongue and especially on the back of the tongue.

In some conditions, the odor may be caused by:

a systemic condition, such as diabetes
sinuses problems
troubles with the pharynx, lungs or stomach
respiratory tract infection
dieting
postnasal drip
chronic bronchitis
gastrointestinal disturbance
liver or kidney ailment

It is important that the first step you take to solving a bad breath problem is to visit your medical doctor for an examination to ensure that the cause of your bad breath is not from a physical problem. When you have determined that it is not caused by a medical condition you will than need to provide you dentist with a complete medical history and tell your dentist how you determined you had malodor.

Bad Breath Self-test

Many people have questions regarding their breath. Many are unable to tell if they have bad breath. Often times, you will hear a friend talk about someone else's horrible breath, yet never tell the other person. A simple technique one can perform on their own, is to take a bad breath self-test which involves a few simple steps:

A.) Take a dry, clean unscented cloth and retract the tongue
with one hand and scrub the furthest part of your tongue for about 5 seconds. This should include about 4 good scrubs. Wait approximately 30 seconds and smell the cloth. If it has a bad smell, it may signify halitosis.
B.) Take a piece of unwaxed, unscented floss and floss the upper or lower posterior teeth. Usually 2 to 3 teeth should be sufficient. Wait about 30 seconds and smell the floss. Again, if it has a smell. one may have halitosis.

C.) Lick the back part of your hand ( not the palm side), for about 5 seconds. Wait about 30 seconds. If you smell a bad odor this too may indicate halitosis. These are some of the simple techniques one can use to help determine if they have bad breath. By brushing , flossing and gently brushing your tongue and visiting the dentist regularly, you may reduce the level of bad breath. If this does not help, your dentist can place you on an anti-halitosis program to help alleviate the problem.

Top 10 Worst Home Remedies for Bad Breath

Excessive mouthwash use...this produces sloughy, bad smelling tissue that is worse than you breath!

Breath mints...long lasting sugar candies subject your teeth to acid attacks and increase your risk for cavities

Chewing gum...it only masks bad breath

Mint chew tobacco...smokeless tobacco causes gums to recede and increases the chance of losing the bone and fibers that hold your teeth in place and can cause oral cancer.

Infomerical items......use items that have the ADA Seal of Approval. Unapproved items could do more harm than good.

Alcohol........will cause dry mouth causing bad breath.

Brushing with cleanser........it is poisonous and dangerous...don't laugh people do do this!

Intestinal cleansing methods........bad breath does not originate from the stomach. Anaerobic bacteria in your mouth produces bad breath.

Using mouthrinses with alcohol........dries out gum tissue and only covers bad breath it does not deal with the cause.

Tongue piercing...allow you to harbor more bacteria on your tongue where sulfur compounds that cause bad breath live.

BAD BREATH HELPFUL HINTS

Bad breath is like any other body odor, it is not a health problem ... it is more of a social problem that can greatly affect all relationships whether intimate or business.


Helpful Points:

Since bacteria is the main cause of bad breath you need to use methods to reduce their numbers.

Visit your dentist to make sure that tooth decay or periodontal disease are not present. These conditions will increase the bacteria count in your mouth thus increasing your risk towards bad breath
Keep your mouth as clean as possible to remove the offensive order created by the bacteria

Consider the cleaning process as a "full-mouth disinfections" by focusing on all areas where bacteria may reside. This disinfections involves:

Brushing-twice a day or more for at least two minutes

Flossing-once a day

Mouth rinse- alcohol free

Tongue scraping- Using a special tongue scraper,scrape your tongue with the scraper. You can do this by making sure you reach the back part of your tongue, as far back as you can reach, and than with a light pressing action pull the scraper forward over your tongue. Repeat this procedure until you have scraped the full surface of your tongue until all debris is removed. Do this twice a day and follow it with a mouthwash, rinse or gel.

Dental Facts- Funny but true !!
Tuesday, February 22, 2005 | gp

According to a 1997 Gallup Poll, dentistry is the fifth most trusted profession in America. Another recent Gallup Poll indicated that
dentists generally get high marks from consumers for their interpersonal skills and delivery of quality care.

A survey by Louis Harris and Associates reported that 83 percent of American adults were very satisfied with services received from their dentists. A recent Gallup Poll also reported that 92 percent or the respondents stated that they would recommend their dentist to someone else.Dentists rate big (61%) in ethics poll for honesty and trustworthy

Responding to the 2003 Lemelson-MIT Invention Index survey, 34 percent of teens and 42 percent of adults chose the toothbrush first when asked to select the invention they could not live without from among five choices. The other four: the personal computer, automobile, microwave and cellular phone.

The survey of 1,000 people in Britain asked a range of teeth-related questions. Almost half the men polled said they would have teeth- whitening treatment compared with 35% of women. Good teeth and a nice smile came second in the list of what females look for in men, after eyes. For men a good body was the important thing they look for, followed by eyes, hair, and teeth.

Royal smile -there is someone whose job includes squeezing Prince Charles's toothpaste onto the royal toothbrush. That someone is Michael Fawcett, the prince's personal valet. Since Fawcett is, according to various news reports, the only person Charles trusts with this awesome responsibility, one must presume that the heir to the throne's dental hygiene declines precipitously whenever the valet goes on vacation.

Americans spent nearly $2.025 billion on Halloween candy this year. That would fund the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research for almost six years. (ADA Nov 2002)

A poll conducted in Michigan showed that Republicans, Protestants & women brush their teeth more often than Democrats, Catholics & men. 2% of those polled said they don't brush at all.


Americans spend $2 billion a year on dental products -- toothpaste, mouthwash and dental floss.

94 percent of Americans say they brush nightly; 81 percent say they do it first thing in the morning.

75 percent of the U.S. population has some form of periodontal gum disease.

50 percent of Americans do not receive regular oral health care
American Hygienist Ass 2/03

Crime solved by matching dental mould at GDC , Thiruvanathapuram
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

In Kerala, a 35-year-old man, Gilbert is in custody for the rape and murder of an 8-year-old girl.

Gilbert's arrest cracked the mystery behind the gruesome rape and murder of Mariam that took place on Christmas last year.

As the body was found in a nearby lake, the victim's parents initially thought it was a case of drowning. But just as they were about to bury the body, the police intervened.

Several injury marks were found on the body, which pointed to the murder.

"He took the girl to a boat that was parked nearby. He raped her, and sodomised her. After she became unconscious, he threw the body into the lake," said Arun Kumar Sinha, Thiruvananthapuram Range DIG.

Lead in the case

The police got the first lead in the case when it laid its hands on an anklet that was sold to a jeweler by the accused.

It was found to be that of Mariam. But that was not enough to nab the culprit.

The teeth mark found on Mariam's body was photographed and matched with Gilbert's dental mould at the Dental College in Thiruvananthapuram.

Clinching evidence

The police however, got clinching evidence when the semen test report came out, which finally led to his arrest.

"We conducted four semen tests in the chemical examination lab in Trivandrum. The serology department found some positive results from the anal swab as it could find blood mixed Spermatozoa.

"They grouped that swab and semen on my request and it was grouped as "O" and the accused also belongs to the same group," said S Firoz, Investigation Officer.

While the police have sent Gilbert's blood samples to the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Biotechnology for a DNA test, the accused has been remanded in judicial custody for 15 days.

Dental Education in US for Non US Dentists
Monday, February 21, 2005 | gp

The United States has highly developed dental educational programs. Prerequisites for admission to dental school almost always requires the completion of a university four-year bachelor's degree, with some schools also requiring a significant amount of health science courses during the baccalaureate program.

Postgraduate dental education programs include training in the American Dental Association's (ADA) specialties of dental public health, endodontics, oral pathology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics and prosthodontics. Advanced training in general dentistry is available through a General Practice Residency (GPR) or an Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) program. GPR programs were developed in the early 1970's, usually in association with hospital settings to provide additional clinical training for dentists in the performance of increasingly complicated clinical procedures. AEGD programs developed in the early 1980's for similar reasons but are typically located in dental schools. The non-U.S. graduates may have some difficulty in being accepted to a GPR because of licensure requirements, but they can receive a similar experience through the university- based AEGD programs.

The number of non-U.S. citizens pursuing postdoctoral dental education has been rising steadily in the past two decades. They represented 10% of the total postdoctoral positions in 1980, 15% in 1990, and in 1993, the non-U.S. citizens occupied 17% of the total positions for postdoctoral education.2 These increases occurred in both advanced training in general dentistry training and specialty programs. In the general dentistry positions, non-U.S. citizen enrollment increased from 1% in 1980 to 11.9% in 1993. The specialty positions increased from 13% in 1980 to 19.2% in 1993.2 In 1993 oral pathology accepted the most non-U.S graduates (49% of the total positions), followed by prosthodontics (34%) and pediatric dentistry (28%). Periodontics and dental public health followed with 24% and 23% respectively; whereas, orthodontics and endodontics contributed with 19% and 13% of their total positions. Oral and maxillofacial surgery had the fewest non-U.S. citizen enrollment with only 6%. 2

Exactly how many non-U.S. citizens are pursuing their first professional degrees in U.S. dental schools is not known. However, the indication is that the number is increasing as well. Other reports indicate an increase in the number of graduates of foreign dental schools who enroll in advanced standing programs to qualify for licensure. A two-year program, which is designed specifically for graduate students of foreign schools that are planning to pursue a professional U.S degree, has specific features. Students are accepted on the basis of their grades in dental schools from their native country, their scores in the National Dental Board Examination Part I and II, their performance in Test of English as Foreign Language (TOFEL), and rating in personal interviews

The number of non-U.S. graduates that are pursuing a postgraduate training in general dentistry or specialty programs in U.S. dental schools is steadily increasing. More dynamic changes have been experienced in some of the specialty programs. Since dramatic increases or decreases have occurred in the specialty programs, it is advisable that potential foreign candidates who wish to apply for U.S. specialty training review current admission plans and guidelines of individual dental schools. Additionally, non-U.S. students should apply only to programs that have been accredited by the Council on Dental Accreditation in conjunction with the American Dental Association. The American Association of Dental Schools can be contacted for further information regarding post-graduate training programs at (202) 667-9433 or by facsimile at (202) 667-0642.

CARE test to predict cavities and caries
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

Southern California, Feb20: Dental researchers from the University of South California(USC) have developed the first test for predicting cavities in children.

Researched by a USC School of Dentistry team led by Professor Paul Denny,the test known as the Caries Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) test quantifies the genetic component of tooth decay.It involves a saliva test which can predict whether children will get cavities, and the number of cavities they will get.

"When we test the young children, it allows us to predict what might be their future caries(tooth decay) history - the number of cavities that they'll get by, say, their late twenties or early thirties," Paul Denny was quoted as saying.

CARE test measures the relative proportions of different types of sugar chains, known as oligosaccharides in the saliva. The same sugar chains are present on tooth surfaces. The USC researchers found that the sugar chain makeup in saliva can predict a child's future cavity history with almost 98% accuracy.

The USC test suggests that genes play a pivotal role in tooth decay now than in the past. Acute malnutrition and poor oral hygiene are rare in developed societies.So the genes become the prime determinant of dental future ofchildren.

The test even identifies which teeth are vulnerable.It spots the risk early, when time for cure. It can identify children with active tooth decay. This test is economically favourable to public health in areas where people cannot afford routine dental check-ups.

"It's possible that in the future - even though a kid might be at very high risk for getting a large number of caries - with the proper preventive dental care he [or she] can arrive at adulthood without any," Denny said.

"It's the initial cavity or caries that we're worried about.If we can prevent that, then we prevent this whole lifelong process from occurring. We can prevent the vicious cycle of dental check- ups that multiplies the physical and the financial burden ", he added.(ANI)

Brush your teeth to save your heart!:
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

Researchers have found that certain type of bacteria found in the mouth may have an association with heart disease.

According to them older adults who have higher proportions of four periodontal-disease-causing bacteria inhabiting their mouths also tend to have thicker carotid arteries, a strong predictor of stroke and heart attack.

The study, published in the current issue of the journal Circulation, was supported by four agencies of the National Institutes of Health.

According to the authors, these data mark the first report of a direct association between cardiovascular disease and bacteria involved in periodontal disease, inflammation of the gums. However, researchers say the findings are not proof that the bacteria cause cardiovascular disease, directly or indirectly.

"What was interesting to us was the specificity of the association," said Moose Desvarieux, M. D., Ph. D., the study's lead author and an infectious disease epidemiologist at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the University of Minnesota.

"These same four bacteria were there, they were always there in the analysis, and the relationship seems to be pretty much, with one exception, limited to them," he added.

The idea that oral bacteria shed from chronic gum infections, enter the circulatory system, and possibly contribute to diseases of the heart and other body organs once was widely accepted in medicine. The concept, known as the "focal infection theory," fell out of fashion by the 1940s, then resurfaced four decades later with the publication of new data proposing a link.

"We wanted to know during the baseline examination of the participants whether it was true that the greater the proportion of so-called 'bad' bacteria in the mouth, the higher the likelihood of a thickened carotid artery," added Panos N. Papapanou, D.D.S, Ph.D., an author on the paper and professor and director of the Division of Periodontics at Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, whose laboratory performed the periodontal microbiological analysis.

-- Asia News International (ANI)

Research Award for Celso
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

Dr Celso Fernandes, the former president of the IDA Goa State Branch, was awarded the Indian Dentist Research and Review Award for the Best Dental Association Activities by Nandkumar, Director of IIM Institute, Calicut, Kerala, at the just concluded dental convention
"Dentistry 2005" held in Calicut. (GT)

Govt contemplating dental record library for victim identity
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

BANGKOK: The Malaysian government is contemplating building a repository of dental records of its citizens in order that likely victims of a natural disaster could be identified easily and authentically.

The Social Security Office (SSO) has proposed comprehensive dental x-rays at a national level after rescuers discovered medical files originally prepared by dentists on their patients came as handy and dependable tools for identifying many victims of last month's tsunamis.

SSO secretary-general Pairote Sooksamrit said that the proposals would be put before the office's medical committee next week but cautioned the cost factor could be a dampner.

"There are nearly eight million people with social insurance. If it costs Bt400 to x-ray one person's teeth, this will cost around Bt300 million altogether", he said.

If the move is approved by the medical committee, it is likely to be introduced initially for new members of the government's social insurance scheme, before being extended to existing members.

Dentists and dental volunteers have joined the tsunami relief effort in recent weeks to help identify thousands of people who died when the massive waves hit the country's southern Andaman provinces on 26 December.

But they said the efforts remained limited in scope because of the absence of a comprehensive and scietific record keeping. TNA

Indian Army launches dental care facility in restive Kashmir
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

The Indian Army launched its first advanced dental care facility in restive Kashmir on Monday.

The Maxillo-Facial Trauma Center, the first such center run by the army in the troubled region, was inaugurated by Lt. General Hari Prasad, GoC, Northern Command, at Jammu, the state's winter capital.

The center provides advanced surgical facilities in rehabilitative and reconstructive dentistry besides secondary and tertiary care involving different modalities. Patients can also undergo cosmetic corrective treatment.

"Every patient who comes is given a little bit of rundown of what dental care is all about and is shown what exactly a tooth is. Most of us are very casual about dental care. But I am sure after they are shown the rundown here, they will look after their teeth properly and do well," Prasad said.

The army will extend facilities at the center to the civilian population, reeling under a 15-year rebellion that has also hit the region's development.

Over 45,000 people have been killed in Jammu and Kashmir, India's only Muslim majority state, since the revolt began in 1989. (ANI)

Scientists replicate tooth enamel
Monday, February 21, 2005 | APA

New York, Feb 19 : Scientists have replicated a key mechanism by which dental enamel, the hardest tissue in the human body, is formed.

The method developed at Harvard-affiliated Forsyth Institute may lead to new biological methods for repairing teeth and other mineralised tissues as well as prepare new, hard ceramic material, the Harvard University Gazette quoted scientists as saying.

"The current findings are a crucial step toward understanding the process of enamel formation. We hope this work will one day lead to an ability to repair damaged tooth enamel," said Henry Margolis, chair of the Forsyth Department of Biomineralization and a co-author of the article.

According to the Elia Beniash, a scientist at the institute, enamel is composed primarily of calcium phosphate mineral crystals.

"It is well known that enamel's strength and durability derive from the unique way in which those crystals are organised into parallel bundles called 'rods'," said Beniash.

"In the current research, carried out in test tubes, we demonstrated that the protein amelogenin plays a key role in regulating the organisation and growth of these crystals and how it works.

"We also determined that newly forming enamel structure emerges as a result of cooperative interactions between forming crystals and assembling proteins."

Another long-term goal using enamels is the development of biomimetic devices whose design, organisation and functional properties are modelled on the biological system.

--Indo-Asian News Service